Relationship between transactional leadership and knowledge management

All leaders do not possess same attitude or same perspective. There are many different leadership styles that can be exhibited by leaders in the political, business or other fields. A leadership style is a leader's style of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. The Transactional style of leadership involves motivating and directing followers primarily through appealing to their own self-interest. Besides, Knowledge management (KM) is the process of capturing, developing, sharing, and effectively using organizational knowledge. It refers to a multi-disciplined approach to achieving organizational objectives by making the best use of knowledge. We knows that the leadership style is directly influential in organization's tendency and manner of facing processes and steps of knowledge management, so in this paper the relationship between Transactional Leadership and Knowledge Management in Plastic Industry in Shiraz-Iran is examined. We’ve used of descriptive statistics technique to analyze demographic variables and to investigate the hypotheses; we have used Pearson Solidarity Test and Spearman.Keywords: Transactional Leadership, Knowledge Management, Plastic Industr

Closure or Non-Closure of Peritoneum in Cesarean Section: Outcomes of Short-Term Complications

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures worldwide. The complications following a CS include fever, wound infection, post-operative pain and bleeding which are not usually found in a normal vaginal delivery. Traditionally, suturing of peritoneal layers for CS patients has been done, but in some studies it has been shown that this procedure could be eliminated without affecting the rate of morbidity. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the short-term outcomes of two different cesarean delivery techniques. Patients and Methods: A total of 100 cases who underwent CS were randomly assigned equally to either closure of both the visceral and parietal peritoneum or no peritoneum closure. Duration of operation, pain scores, analgesic requirements, alterations in hemoglobin levels and febrile morbidity were assessed accordingly. Results: Pain scores, analgesic requirements assessed at 24 hours and operation duration were significantly lower in the non-closure group as compared to the closure group. Febrile conditions and changes in hemoglobin levels were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Non-closure of both visceral and the parietal peritoneum when performing a CS produces a significant reduction in pain, fewer analgesic requirements and a shorter operation duration without increasing the febrile morbidity and changes in hemoglobin levels as compared to the standard methods

The Effect of Short Duration Sperm Exposure on Development of Preeclampsia in Primigravid Women

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the most serious complications, and affecting about 3 of pregnancies. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact short duration of exposure to sperm on development of preeclampsia. Methods: The duration of sperm exposure with the biological father (cohabitation without barrier methods) <3,<6 months were evaluated among 120 primigravid women with preeclampsia and 120 women without preeclampsia in a case-control study. Results: The short duration of exposure to sperm was more common in women with preeclampsia compared with controls (29.2 versus 14.2 for <3 months, adjOR 2.6 (95 CI=1.32-5.13) and (45 versus 29.2 for <6 months, adjOR 2.4 (95 CI=1.35-4.32). Regardless of the contraceptive method, short duration of cohabitation was more common in preeclamptic group (14.2 versus 5.8 for <3 months, adjOR 3.38 (95 CI=1.28-8.92) and (29.7 versus 13.3 for <6 months, adjOR 2.64(95 CI=1.24-5.79). Conclusion: It was concluded that short duration of exposure to sperm was more common in women with preeclampsia compared with controls. © Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal

Measurement of Disability and Its Predictors Among Trauma Patients: A Follow-up Study

Background: Globally more than a billion people, 15% of the population, lives with disability and most of disabilities are caused by injuries. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of disability and its predictors at 1 and 3 months post-injury in Kashan City during 2014 - 2015. Patients and Methods: In this longitudinal follow-up study, 400 injured patients 15 - 65 years referred to Shahid Beheshti hospital in Kashan and hospitalized more than 24 hours were assessed for disability status with the WHODAS II 12-item instrument at 1 and 3-months post-injury. Patients based on their disability scores were divided into 5 groups: none, mild, moderate, severe and very severe. Work status was assessed at the 3-month follow-up with one question “Are you back at work following your injury”. Also, demographic characteristics and information about injury were gathered by a checklist. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, Pearson correlation coefficient and logistic regression by SPSS software. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean disability scores at 1 and 3 months post-injury was 30.3 (9.2) and 18.8 (8.3), respectively and there was a statistical significant difference between disability status at 1 and 3 months after trauma (P < 0.0001). The rates of return to work in 262 employed patients at 1 and 3 months after injury were 29% and 55.4%, respectively. The disability score showed a statistically significant correlation with Injury Severity Score (ISS) (P < 0.0001), work return (P = 0.033), intensive care unit transfer (P < 0.0001), trauma type (P = 0.001) and age (P = 0.004). Also, age, ISS, duration of hospital stay and injury to extremities were predictors of disability. Conclusions: More than half of the patients were disabled after 3 months of trauma. Elderly patients, patient with severe trauma, and long hospitalization and patients with extremity injuries were high risk for disability

Effect of Ginger on Relieving Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background: Nausea and vomiting are common and unpleasant complications in pregnancy. Although many alternative therapists support the use of ginger for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, there is currently insufficient clinical evidence to support its use in this condition Objectives: The present study was performed to assess the effectiveness of ginger in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Patients and Methods: This seven-day clinical trial was performed on 120 eligible pregnant women with symptoms of mild to moderate nausea and vomiting before 16 weeks gestation. They were divided into; ginger, placebo and control groups, by block randomization. Women were asked to record their nausea and vomiting for three days, and then participants received either ginger capsules, or a placebo for four days. No intervention was done with the control group. Data measure was self-recorded symptoms according to the Rhodes Index. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, ANCOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact test, for the quantitative and qualitative variables. Results: There were no statistical differences in the baseline demographics between the three groups apart from age of marriage and wanted or unwanted pregnancy. An ANCOVA test (covariance test) showed significant differences in mean scores after the intervention in the three groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Ginger was effective for the relief of mild to moderate nausea and vomiting in pregnant women at less than 16 weeks gestation