External Genitalia Trauma Following the First Manic Episode in an Elderly Woman With Sexual Disinhibition

Introduction: Late onset bipolar disorder is not common. In addition, bipolar disorder with a dominancy over sexual behaviors is very rare. Hence, traumatic and vigorous sexual behavior, such as masturbation and self-mutilation, are odd and rare occurrences. Case Presentation: An elderly woman in a manic phase of bipolar disorder without a previous history of psychiatric disorders was concomitant with problematic sexual over stimulation in the context of hyper sexuality. She had traumatized her genitals and underwent surgery for their repair. Following her admission and psychopharmacologic therapy, she recovered. Conclusions: The presentation of bipolar disorder in the elderly can be seen in sexual behaviors and self-mutilation that can lead to the need for reparative surgery. In each case with trauma to the external genitalia, psychiatric problems should be considered

Development of Sensitive Detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia from Surface Water in Iran

Background: The protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia are known to occur widely in both raw and drinking waters. They are two of the causative agents of waterborne out-breaks of gastroenteritis throughout the world. In the present study, a PCR assay and FA were developed for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cyst in environmental samples. Methods: We have detected Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia cysts in seeded and un-seeded environmental water samples by PCR method. Water samples were spiked with oocysts (50, 100,300,500) and filtrated with a 1.2-µm pore size cellulose nitrate and follow by DNA extrac¬tion and purification by QIAamp DNA mini kit. Nested-PCR assay amplified an 850 bp fragment of 18s rRNA gene specific for Cryptosporidium and 435 bp fragment of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) target gene for Giardia. Also many river water from north of Iran, be checked by these methods. Results: Cryptosporidium and Giardia DNAs were detected in seeded water sample and Giardia was detected in all 5 water samples from river in north of Iran by nested- PCR and FA. Also in one river water sample, Cryptosporidium was detected.Conclusion: This protocol is effective for detection of these waterborne parasites in treated and untreated water samples. This study can also serve as a platform for further investigations and research water source in Iran

Association of interleukin-10 -1082A>G (rs1800896) polymorphism with predisposition to breast cancer: A meta-analysis based on 17 case-control studies

INTRODUCTION: The association between the between IL-10 -1082A>G (rs1800896) polymorphism and breast cancer has been evaluated by several number case-control studies. However, these studies might be underpowered to reveal the true association. OBJECTIVE: We have performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to investigate the association IL-10 -1082A>G polymorphism and breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science up to September 20, 2017. Data was analysed with CMA software to identify the strength of the association by pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95 confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of 17 case-control studies involving 3275 cases and 3416 controls obtained from database searches were examined. Overall, there was no significant association between IL-10 -1082A>G polymorphism and breast cancer risk under all genetic models. No significant publication bias was found for the five genetic models (G vs. A: OR = 1.184, 95 CI = 0.895-1.180, p= 0.230; GG vs. AA: OR = 1.430, 95 CI = 0.927-2.204, p= 0.106; GA vs. AA: OR = 0.966, 95 CI = 0.765-1.221, p= 0.774; GG+GA vs. AA: OR = 0.957, 95 CI = 0.697-1.314, p= 0.786; and GG vs. GA+AA: OR = 1.221, 95 CI = 0.981-1.518, p= 0.073). Moreover, there was no significant association between the IL-10 -1082A>G polymorphism and breast cancer risk by ethnicity. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that IL-10 -1082A>G (rs1800896) polymorphism might not be a risk factor for the development of breast cancer. © 2018 Associacao Medica Brasileira. All rights reserved

Assessment of meatal stenosis in neonates undergoing circumcision using Plastibell Device with two different techniques

Hormoz Karami, Mehdi Abedinzadeh, Mohammad Kazem Moslemi Department of Urology, Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital, School of Medicine, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Purpose: It was intended to compare meatal stenosis (MS) as a late complication of neonatal circumcision by using two different methods of Plastibell Device circumcision. Materials and methods: A total of 2,307 healthy term newborns (6–36 hours) who were born between 2007 and 2009 in Niknafs Medical Center of Rafsanjan, Iran, were simply randomized into two groups in a controlled, nonblinded clinical trial. In group A (1,102 neonates), the frenulum was maintained intact without any manipulation, and in group B (1,205 neonates) frenular hemostasis was performed in all cases by thermal cautery. MS was assessed by follow-up visits that were made for all cases at the 24–72 hours, 60th day, 12th month, and 16th month after circumcision. Results: At 2 months follow-up visit, the rate of MS in group A was 4.9% (54) and in group B was 5.9% (71), which was not statistically significant. After 12 months, MS in group A was 8.5% (94) and in group B was 13.7% (165), which was statistically significant (P<0.001). At 16 months after circumcision, in the frenulum intact group, MS was 13.8% (152) and in the cautery group, it was 18.9% (228), which was compatible with significant difference (P=0.001). Conclusion: Our experience with large group of cases revealed that neonatal circumcision by using Plastibell Device with intact frenulum technique decreases the rate of delayed MS. Keywords: neonatal circumcision, Plastibell device, meatal stenosi

An overnight stay versus three days admission after uncomplicated percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A randomized clinical trial

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of discharging patients on the first postoperative day after an uncomplicated percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Materials and methods: After an uncomplicated successful PCNL without significant residual stone (>5mm) or any complication up to the first postoperative day, we randomly assigned patients into two groups-Group 1: overnight surgery, and Group 2: routine discharge after three days. Patients with significant residual stone on control fluoroscopy were excluded. Ninetyeight and 102 patients were assigned to groups 1 and 2, respectively. Serum Hemoglobin and creatinine were evaluated before the operation as well as the first postoperative day. Stone free status was evaluated using ultrasound and KUB radiography at the first postoperative day. Results: The stone and patient characteristics were not different in two groups. The preoperative change in the hemoglobin and creatinine levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Nine patients (9.2) in Group 1 and five (4.9) in Group 2 were readmitted because of complications (mainly hematuria) (P =.23). Of the readmitted patients, five in Group 1 (55), and three in Group 2 (60) received blood transfusion (p =.87). in these patients, group 1 received 1.6 ± 0.51 units of blood compared with 1.93 ± 0.25 in group 2 (P =.07). All the readmitted patients did well with conservative therapy with no need for angioembolization. Conclusion: In uncomplicated PCNL with no significant residual stone, discharging the patient on the first postoperative day is safe. The outcome is comparable to a routine three-day hospital stay. © 2020, Urology and Nephrology Research Centre

Elevated levels of S100A12 in the seminal plasma of infertile men with varicocele

PURPOSE: Varicocele is among the leading causes of male infertility. Despite decades of research, its pathogenesis is still unclear. S100A12 is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins with principal extracellular activities. It is secreted by activated neutrophils and interacts with the multiligand receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Many studies have delineated the patterns of S100A12 expression in a variety of pathologic conditions. These data show that S100A12 could be a potentially useful inflammatory marker. To explore the relationship between S100A12 and infertility, we examined the amount of S100A12 in semen of infertile men who suffered from varicocele. METHODS: S100A12 levels in seminal plasma of 68 infertile men with varicocele (age range 30-45 years) and 68 healthy fertile controls were measured using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using both parametric and nonparametric tests. RESULTS: Results of this study showed that the seminal levels of S100A12 were significantly increased in infertile men with varicocele when compared to fertile controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Because of the important role(s) of these molecules in inflammatory response of cell systems, it could be possible that the spermatozoa motility is reduced following increasing neutrophils, S100A12, and reactive oxygen species in semen of infertile patients with varicocele. S100 proteins seem to be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for male infertility

Role of galectin-3 in the pathogenesis of bladder transitional cell carcinoma

Galectins constitute an evolutionary conserved family that binds to β-galactosides. There is growing evidence that galectins are implicated in essential biological processes such as cellular communication, inflammation, differentiation and apoptosis. Galectin-3 is one of the best-known galectins, which is found in vertebrates. Galectin-3 has been shown to be expressed in some cell lines and plays important roles in several physiological and pathological processes, including cell adhesion, cell activation and chemoattraction, cell cycle, apoptosis, cell growth, and differentiation. Moreover, this galectin is of interest due to its involvement in regulation of cancer. Changes in galectin-3 expression are commonly seen in cancerous and pre-cancerous conditions and galectin-3 may be involved in the regulation of cancer cell activities that contribute to tumourigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. Finally, galectin-3 seems to be involved in cell events in tumor microenvironment, and therefore it could be considered as a target in transitional cell carcinoma therapies. This review aims to describe recent progress in understanding the role of galectin-3 in cancer biology, with emphasis on bladder tumor progression and metastasis

Declining trends in HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Iran could be attributable to reduced drug injection: A cross-sectional study

Objective The HIV trend among female sex workers (FSWs) is understudied. We assessed the prevalence and trend of HIV and five other STIs among FSWs in Iran. Methods We recruited FSWs (1337 in 2015, 1005 in 2010) from 21 sites in 13 cities in two cross-sectional biobehavioural surveys. Eligible FSWs were women aged �18 years who reported selling sex to more than one male client in the past 12 months. Consenting FSWs were interviewed using a behavioural questionnaire and tested for HIV and five other STIs. We considered study sites as clusters in the analysis and two-sided Fisher's exact test to compare the HIV prevalence between the two survey rounds. Results HIV prevalence was 2.1 in 2015 (vs 4.0 in 2010, p=0.007). Lifetime drug injection was reported by 6.1 of participants in 2015 (vs 14.6 in 2010, p=0.003). In 2015, among FSWs with history of lifetime drug injection, HIV prevalence was 8.6 (vs 9.8 in 2010, p=0.425). The prevalence of other STIs in 2015 was 0.4 (95 CI 0.2 to 1.0) for syphilis, 1.3 (95 CI 0.8 to 2.1) for gonorrhoea, 6.0 (95 CI 4.8 to 7.4) for chlamydia, 11.9 (95 CI 8.5 to 16.5) for trichomoniasis and 41.8 (95 CI 39.2 to 44.5) for human papillomavirus. Conclusions HIV prevalence among FSWs in Iran decreased, but remains considerably high. The decrease in HIV prevalence compared with 2010 might be explained by a decrease in drug injection. Other STIs are also high in this population. Harm reduction programmes need to be continued and scaled up among this underserved population in Iran. © 2020 Author(s)