Comparative evaluation of five different storage media and temperature effect on human periodontal ligament fibroblast viability

Introduction: Following dental avulsion, the immediate recommended treatment is tooth replantation to avoid adverse effects. Therefore, the tooth must be stored in a physiological storage medium to preserve the viability of the periodontal ligament fibroblast (PDLF) cells during transportation to dental office. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of several storage media in preserving the viability of human PDLF cells at different times and temperatures. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, the human PDL cells were obtained from the healthy extracted third molars and cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). The studied media were DMEM (10% FBS + 1% penicillin G Na (10000 IU) + 1% streptomycin (10 mg)), tap water, sterilized whole milk, zero fat milk and soy milk. After the cells had reached sufficient density in the plate, they were added to the experimental media and kept at 1, 2, 4 and 24 hours at 4° and 37oCentigrade. After incubation, the cell viability was determined by tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric (MTT) assay. The results were statistically analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and post hoc Tests. Results: Whole milk and DMEM showed significantly higher protective effect than other media. The viability of PDL cells had significant difference at 4oC compared to 37oC at 4 and 24 h in DMEM group and at 24 h in whole milk group (p≤0.05). Conclusion: The results have suggested that the whole milk like DMEM have enough essential nutrients for PDLFs and have confirmed the hypothesis that the milk similar to HBSS or DMEM might be effective in preserving the PDLF cells

The Effectiveness of Rosemary and Mefenamic Acid Capsules on the Quality of Life of Students with Primary Dysmenorrhea

Background & aim: Dysmenorrhea is one of the main factors affecting the quality of life.  This study aimed to determine the impact of rosemary and mefenamic acid capsules on the quality of life of students with primary dysmenorrhea.Methods: This double-blind clinical trial study was performed on 82 students with primary dysmenorrhea from June to september 2018 at the Faculty of Medicine of the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. Students with moderate dysmenorrhea, after controlling two menstrual cycles by the convenience sampling method and using PASS software, were randomly assigned to the rosemary and mefenamic acid groups using double blocks. They consumed rosemary and mefenamic acid capsules every 8 hours for the first 3 days of intervention cycles. The SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess quality of life before and after the intervention at the end of menstrual bleeding.  The data were analyzed using SPSS 24 and descriptive and interpretive statistical tests.Results: The mean score of physical health in the first cycle after the intervention increased by 300.07±62.43 and 306.00±66.11and in the second cycle after the intervention increased by 306.54±63.90and 308.63±64.14 (P=0.94). The mean score of mental health in the first cycle after the intervention increased by283.90±58.48 and 282.98±65.63 and in the second cycle after the intervention increased by 261.13 ±80.61and 258.94± 86.67 (P=0.90).Conclusion: Consumption of rosemary and mefenamic acid capsules improves the quality of life by increasing the scores of physical and mental health

The effect of okra powder on blood glucose levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A non-blinded randomized controlled trial

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the common medical complications during pregnancy, and a diet is the first line of treatment for it.Objectives: This study determined the effect of okra powder on the blood glucose levels of women with GDM who were on diet.Methods: This non-blinded randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 women with GDM who were randomly allocated into two groups. The usual diet for gestational diabetes was taught to both groups. The intervention group also consumed 6 grams of okra skin and seed powder orally in a divided dosage twice daily for 4 weeks. Before, two and four weeks after the start of the study, fasting and 2-hour postprandial glucose (PPG) was measured. The data were analyzed by t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square, and Friedman test.Results: The mean baseline fasting blood sugar (FBS) did not differ significantly between the women in the intervention and control groups (P=0.954). However, mean FBS was significantly lower in the intervention group at two weeks and four weeks after the baseline (P<0.001). The mean baseline 2-hour PPG did not significantly differ between women in the intervention and control groups (P=0.955). However, the mean 2-hour PPG was significantly lower in the intervention group at two weeks and four weeks after the baseline (P<0.001).Conclusion: The okra powder was effective in reducing FBS and 2-hour PPG in women with GDM who were on diet therapy

Comparison of Salivary Cortisol Level in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Pre-Diabetics with Healthy People

BACKGROUND: Cortisol is one of the important enzymes of saliva. Control of this hormone is an effective way to adjust the glucose level in diabetic patients. AIM: The aim of this research is to compare the salivary cortisol level in type 2 diabetic patients and pre-diabetics with healthy people. METHODS: In this case-control study (2018), the unstimulated salivary samples were collected from 44 patients with type 2 diabetes, 44 pre-diabetic people (case group), and 44 healthy subjects (control group), matched for age and gender. The samples were transferred to the laboratory, and salivary cortisol level was measured using ELISA. Data were analysed using SPSS 22 and Chi 2 tests. RESULTS: The mean salivary cortisol level in type 2 diabetic patients was 3.14 ± 1.17, in pre-diabetic cases was 1.83 ± 0.68, and in healthy controls was 0.86 ± 0.43 (P &lt; 0.001). The mean DMFT in type 2 diabetic patients was 19.6 ± 6.5, in the pre-diabetic group was 13.43 ± 4.5, and in healthy controls was 9.38 ± 3.72 (P &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION: With regards to the results, salivary cortisol level in type 2 diabetic patients is more than pre-diabetic people, and in pre-diabetic people is more than healthy people. Also, there was a significant relation between salivary cortisol level and DMFT index

The effect of small group teaching on quality of life in pregnant women with nausea and vomiting: A clinical trial

INTRODUCTION: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is the most common medical complication in the first trimester of pregnancy. That associated with a wide range of physical and mental symptoms for the patient and his family and can affect the quality of life of women's life. In addition, the training to improve knowledge, in adjusting diet and lifestyle, and leading to decrease nausea and vomiting. Due to the positive characteristics of training using the small groups, this study was applied with the objective of “The effect of small group teaching on quality of life in pregnant women with nausea and vomiting.” METHODS: This study was applied based on intervention, on 59 nulliparous women with nausea and vomiting who referred to obstetrics ward of selected health and treatment centers in Neishaboor County. The training was presented by a researcher in group intervention in 8 sessions, each 45–30 min in small groups (3 groups 10 members). The control group received routine care. The study instruments (nausea and vomiting of pregnancy quality of life questionnaire) and (modified-PUGE) form. The results were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, Mann–Whitney, and t-test. RESULTS: Research units were no statistically significant difference of personal data, at the beginning of the study, and before intervention, was not differences between the mean change scores of postpartum stress disorder in two groups (P = 0/192). While the mean quality of life score in the intervention and control groups was statistically significant difference after intervention (P = 0.001). Quality of life score in the intervention group had statistically significant difference before and after the intervention (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Training in the intervention group with small group strategies has more effective in comparison to conventional training of nausea and vomiting

The Study of health literacy in pregnant women with nausea and vomiting

Background and objective: The health literacy includes person's capacity to learn and interpret information. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is the most common medical condition in pregnancy first three months that can be stressful for pregnant women and the family. The important role of health literacy in understands the risks before birth by mothers. The objective of this study was determining the health literacy of women with nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 100pregnant women who referred to treatment centers in Neishabur County in year 2015 were investigated using the short test of functional health literacy and modified-PUQE. After confirming the validity and reliability were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: According to the findings, the age average of participants was25.80%, 81.7%of samples were housewife,21.7%below high school diploma,and47%had average income.45.8 %of subjects had inadequate literacy level,35.6%border health literacy and18.6%had enough health literacy. Health literacy had significant association with Chi-Square Tests with, mother&rsquo;s education level and age (p<0.05). Pearson is showed also a significant association between health literacy and severity of nausea and vomiting (P<0.001).This study also indicated that thereafter the health staff (71.7%) were the most important reference for obtaining health information for the responders. Conclusion: The present study indicated that the limited health literacy. The may affect mothers' perception of risk and their desire to follow the recommendations pregnancy. So should considered health literacy especially in pregnant women with lower levels of education and severe nausea.&nbsp;&nbsp; Paper Type: Research Article

Effectiveness of cooling gel pads and ice packs on perineal pain

This article is not available through ChesterRep.The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a randomised controlled trial undertaken at the Hazrat Ommolbanin University Maternity Hospital in Mashhad, Iran which investigated the effectiveness of localised cooling treatments to alleviate perineal trauma. From October 2005 to February 2006, 121 primiparous women who were at term and had an episiotomy were randomly recruited to one of three treatment groups (Group 1 - no localised cooling, Group 2 - Ice pack, Group 3 - cooling gel pad). The intensity of pain, wound healing and women’s satisfaction levels were the main outcomes measured. The intensity of pain was measured by a (Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) (0-10) and wound healing was evaluated by the REEDA scale within 4 hours of episiotomy repair, at Day 1, Day 2, Day 5 and finally at Day 10. The usage of oral analgesia (acetaminophen) was measured at Day 10. Women’s satisfaction levels with oral analgesia and localised cooling treatments were also assessed at Day 10 by a NRS (0-10). There was evidence that localised cooling treatments are effective at alleviating perineal pain which was in favour of the cooling gel pad group. A statistical significant difference was reported at 4 hours (p=0.003) Day 2 (p=0.004) and at Day 10 (p=0.044). At Day 1 and Day 5 there was evidence of a reduction in the intensity of pain but this did not reach a statistical significant difference. A reduction in the usage of oral analgesia (acetaminophen) was reported in favour of the cooling gel pad group (p<0.001). Women’s satisfaction levels with oral analgesia were similar within the three treatment groups but a higher level of satisfaction when assessing localised treatment was reported by the cooling gel pad group (p<0.001). Wound healing rates were also reported to be better in the cooling gel pad group when compared to the other two groups(p<0.001). In conclusion, treatments to alleviate perineal pain without any adverse affects on wound healing and women’s views are important aspects of midwifery care. This trial has demonstrated evidence that localised cooling of the perineum reduces the intensity of pain, women were more satisfied when applying cooling gel pads and this treatment appeared to assist in wound healing

Comparing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in primiparous and multiparous women with preeclampsia

Background and Aim: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is one of the anxiety disorders which occur in postpartum period. The prevalence of PTSD – induced by preeclampsia has been already reported as 28%, however no study was found to compare PTSD in primiparous and multiparous women. This study was therefore conducted to compare PTSD in primiparous and multiparous women. Methods: This comparative descriptive study was performed on 100 pregnant women with preeclampsia including 56 primiparous and 44 multiparous women who selected conveniently from labor wards of university hospitals in Mashhad, Iran in 2012. PTSD was diagnosed by psychiatrist interview and Perinatal Post-traumatic stress Questionnaire (PPQ) in 6th week postpartum. Social support was measured using Hopkins questionnaire in 2nd and 6th week postpartum. Data analyzed with SPSS Version 16 using Spearman correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The rate of PTSD was 24% in primiparous and 37.8% in multiparous women. There was no significant difference in relation to mean score of PTSD in primiparous and multiparous women. Mean score of social support in 2nd and 6th week postpartum was significantly higher in primiparous women (P=0.000). 34% of multiparous vs. 5.4% of primiparous women had unwanted pregnancy (P=0.000). There was also a direct relationship between postpartum social support in 2nd (P=0.005) and 6th week  postpartum (P=0.002) and the rate of PTSD. Conclusion: The rate and mean score of PTSD in multiparous has been higher than primiparous women. Thus, it seems that multiparous women are at higher risk for PTSD due to lower postpartum social support and higher rate of unwanted pregnancy

An investigation into the Effect of Alpha Ointment (Fundermol) on Perineal Pain relief Following Episiotomy in Nulliparous Women

Background & aim: Pain is the most common complaint of mothers after episiotomy. Various medications are used for the alleviation of this pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alpha ointment on the relief of pain caused by episiotomy. Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 70 primiparous women in Ommolbanin Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. The participants were divided into two groups of control and intervention. The intervention group received one fingertip unit of Alpha ointment following washing the wound with normal saline and drying, 48 hour after delivery, once a day, until the tenth day. The control group received a placebo in the same manner. Pain intensity was evaluated using the shortened from of McGill Pain Questionnaire on the first, fifth, and tenth days post-delivery. Data analysis was carried out in SPSS (version 16) using the Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean pain score on the first, fifth, and tenth days of the study (P=0.73, P=0.098, and P=0.464, respectively). Conclusion: As the finding of the present study showed, Alpha ointment had no effect on the perineal pain after episiotomy

The effects of capsaicin ointment application to the K-K9 acupressure point on nausea and vomiting during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia

Background: Nausea and vomiting are among the most important and the most common intraoperative and postoperative complications. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of capsaicin ointment application to the K-K9 acupressure point on intraoperative and postoperative nausea and vomiting associated with cesarean section (CS) under spinal anesthesia. Methods: This double-blind three-group randomized controlled trial was conducted on 120 women who referred to Ommolbanin Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, to undergo nonemergency CS under spinal anesthesia. Women were randomly allocated to three groups to receive capsaicin ointment on the K-K9 point (intervention group), capsaicin ointment on the K-D2 point (control group), and Vaseline ointment on the K-K9 point (placebo group). Nausea, vomiting, and retching were assessed at five time points, namely during and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after CS. Moreover, the need for antiemetic medications was also assessed in all three groups. The data were analyzed through running the one-way analysis of variance, the Kruskal�Wallis, the Friedman, and the Chi-square tests. Results: There were no significant differences among the groups, respecting the scores of nausea, vomiting, and retching at different measurement time points (P > 0.05). However, the number of women who needed antiemetic medication in the intervention group (11) was significantly less than the control (22) and the placebo (15) groups (P = 0.04). Conclusion: Capsaicin ointment application to the K-K9 acupressure point is an easy-to-use noninvasive method for significantly reducing the need for antiemetic medications during and after CS under spinal anesthesia