Doomed to failure? UKIP and the organisational challenges facing right-wing populist anti-political establishment parties

Using the UK Independence Party, we examine the effects of sudden electoral success on an Anti-Political Establishment (APE) party. The pressures of aspiring to government necessitate organisational structures resembling those of mainstream parties, while this aspiration challenges APE parties because they differ not just in terms of their policy profiles, but also in their more ‘unorthodox’ organisational make-up, inextricably linked to their electoral appeal. Robert Kilroy-Silk wanted to emphasise office-seeking goals while most members wanted the party to remain true to its APE status and not sacrifice its populist nature. This inevitably resulted in internal party conflict

A new acoustic assumption for orthorhombic media

In exploration seismology, the acquisition, processing and inversion of P-wave data is a routine. However, in orthorhombic anisotropic media, the governing equations that describe the P-wave propagation are coupled with two S waves that are considered as redundant noise. The main approach to free the P-wave signal from the S-wave noise is the acoustic assumption on the wave propagation. The conventional acoustic assumption for orthorhombic media zeros out the S-wave velocities along three orthogonal axes, but leaves significant S-wave artefacts in all other directions. The new acoustic assumption that we propose mitigates the S-wave artefacts by zeroing out their velocities along the three orthogonal symmetry planes of orthorhombic media. Similar to the conventional approach, our method reduces the number of required model parameters from nine to six. As numerical experiments on multiple orthorhombic models show, the accuracy of the new acoustic assumption also compares well to the conventional approach. On the other hand, while the conventional acoustic assumption simplifies the governing equations, the new acoustic assumption further complicates them—an issue that emphasizes the necessity of simple approximate equations. Accordingly, we also propose simpler rational approximate phase-velocity and eikonal equations for the new acoustic orthorhombic media. We show a simple ray tracing example and find out that the proposed approximate equations are still highly accurate.Eusko Jaularitza -- Basque Government : EXP. 2019/0043

The Experiences of Family Members of Non-Organ Donors on the Crisis Rising From Patients' Brain Death

Background: Brain death crisis as an overwhelming situation can create a critical state for families in which they are unable to make logical decisions for their patients with brain death. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the experiences of family members of patients with brain death, who did not donate their patients’ organs. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted on nine non-donor family members of patients with brain death, selected using the purposeful sampling method. To collect data, deep unstructured interviews were held to reach data saturation. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed utilizing the phenomenology approach based on the seven-step Colaizzi’s method. Results: The participants of this study explained their situation as ‘an overwhelming situation in families due to patients’ brain death’. Also, the data analysis led to the development of four main themes as follow: ‘overwhelming situation’, ‘perplexity factors’, ‘the sling loops of defect in consent for organ donation’, and ‘compatibility’. Conclusions: The overwhelming effects of the patients’ brain death on the family members and the crisis rising from it influenced the decisions made by family members for organ donation. Therefore, some measures should be taken to cultivate appropriate adaptive behaviors among family members for relieving their sorrow and pain. Moreover, healthcare team members should be informed of the crisis raised from patient’s brain death and help family members make logical decisions with regards to organ donation

Quantum Optomagnetics in Graphene

Graphene can be magnetized through nonlinear response of its orbital angular momentum to an intense circularly polarized light. This optomagnetic effect can be well exemplified by the Inverse Faraday Effect (IFE) where an optically-generated DC magnetization leads to graphene's optical activity. We provide a single-particle quantum mechanical model of an IFE in graphene by solving Schr\"odinger's equation in the presence of a renormalized Hamiltonian near a Dirac point in the presence of circularly polarized monochromatic light. We derive an analytical expression for DC magnetization based on non-perturbative and dressed states of quasi-electrons where their energy spectrum is isotropically gapped by the circularly polarized light. Optical rotatory power is then computed through the gyroelectric birefringence where a measurable polarization rotation angle under moderate and intense optical radiations is predicted.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures; general typos corrected, 1 typo in equation correct, 2 typos in notation corrected, introduction extended, original magnetization expression integrated over k, figure added for comparison, figures slightly changed and plotted in lower intensity range

The evaluation of base deficit as the predictive agent of mortality in geriatric trauma

زمینه و هدف: کمبود باز (Base deficit) به عنوان یک عامل مرتبط با کاهش پرفیوژن نسجی مخفی شناخته شده است، لیکن نقطه بحرانی مؤثر در ایجاد این حالت و مرگ و میر به دنبال تروما تعیین نشده است. در این مطالعه ارزش پیشگویی کننده کمبود باز در مرگ و میر و نقطه برش آن در افراد سالمند مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش بررسی: در یک مطالعه تحلیلی - آینده نگر 300 بیمار سالمند (سن بالاتر یا مساوی 65 سال) مبتلا به تروما در مرکز پزشکی الزهراء (س) دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. از هر بیمار گازهای خونی آنالیز شده و مقدار کمبود باز محاسبه گردید و عوامل مؤثر در تغییرات کمبود باز مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. وضعیت بیماران تا زمان ترخیص و یا مرگ پیگیری شد و عوامل مؤثر در مرگ بیماران نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از محاسبه رگرسیون استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که در افراد سالمند مبتلا به تروما و علائم حیاتی پایدار، کمبود باز تنها عامل پیشگویی کننده مرگ می باشد (01/0