Intuitionistic L-fuzzy sets and Intuitionistic N-fuzzy sets

In this paper we prove that the concept of intuitionistic N-fuzzy sets (briefly INFS) proposed by Akram et al in [5] is equivalent to ILFS and it’s not a generalization of IFS we concluded that IFS, ILFS, INFS and L-fuzzy sets are all equivalent

Temporal discrete Z-number and its application in assessing EEG signal data of epileptic seizure

Analysis and modeling of a complex physical system, particularly EEG signals involved vague and uncertain information. The approach introduced by Kosanovic using temporal fuzzy set to model a complex system particularly the EEG signal does not address the problem of uncertainty for the time of occurrence. In this paper, an ordered discrete Z-number is used to construct temporal discrete Z-number to assess EEG signal data of an epileptic seizure for the first time. The proposed temporal discrete Z-number is able to accommodate the problem of uncertainty with regards to the time of occurrence for a given seizure by using and modifying the method for measuring the uncertainty of Z-number

Ranking method for Z-numbers based on centroid-point

Zadeh introduced the concept of Z-number to provide a basis for computation with numbers that are not completely reliable, and it has the ability to portray fuzziness and reliability of information concurrently. Ranking of Z-numbers is an important aspect, especially in decision making Objective: Ranking method for Z-numbers. Method: By converting Z-number into fuzzy number, and then the centroid-point method and decision rules are used to rank the obtained fuzzy numbers. Results: A ranking method for Z-numbers is proposed, and a numerical example is provided to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method. Conclusions: However, converting Z-number into fuzzy number can lead to loss of original Z-information

Ordered discrete and continuous Z-numbers

Both discrete and continuous Z-numbers are pairs of discrete and continuous fuzzy numbers. Even though the later are ordered, this do not simply imply the discrete and continuous Z-numbers are ordered as well. This paper proposed the idea of ordered discrete and continuous Z-numbers, which are necessary properties for constructing temporal Z-numbers. Linear ordering relation, ≺, is applied between set of discrete or continuous Z-numbers and any arbitrary ordered subset of ℝ to obtain the properties

A review on some arithmetic concepts of Z-number and its application to real-world problems

Zadeh introduced the concept of Z-numbers in 2011 to deal with imprecise information. In this regard, many research works have been published in an attempt to introduce some basic theoretical concepts of Z-numbers to model real-world problems. To understand the current challenges when dealing with Z-numbers and the feasibility of using Z-number in solving real-world problems, a comprehensive review of the existing work on Z-number is paramount. This paper consists of an overview of existing literature on Z-number and identifies some of the key areas that are required for further improvement

Temporal discrete Z-number and its application in assessing EEG signal data of epileptic seizure

Analysis and modeling of a complex physical system, particularly EEG signals involved vague and uncertain information. The approach introduced by Kosanovic using temporal fuzzy set to model a complex system particularly the EEG signal does not address the problem of uncertainty for the time of occurrence. In this paper, an ordered discrete Z-number is used to construct temporal discrete Z-number to assess EEG signal data of an epileptic seizure for the first time. The proposed temporal discrete Z-number is able to accommodate the problem of uncertainty with regards to the time of occurrence for a given seizure by using and modifying the method for measuring the uncertainty of Z-number

Tangled Cord of <i>FTTM</i>₄

Fuzzy Topological Topographic Mapping (FTTM) is a mathematical model that consists of a set of homeomorphic topological spaces designed to solve the neuro magnetic inverse problem. A sequence of FTTM, denoted as FTTMn, is an extension of FTTM that is arranged in a symmetrical form. The special characteristic of FTTM, namely the homeomorphisms between its components, allows the generation of new FTTM. Later, the FTTMn can also be viewed as a graph. Previously, a group of researchers defined an assembly graph and utilized it to model a DNA recombination process. Some researchers then used this to introduce the concept of tangled cords for assembly graphs. In this paper, the tangled cord for FTTM4 is used to calculate the Eulerian paths. Furthermore, it is utilized to determine the least upper bound of the Hamiltonian paths of its assembly graph. Hence, this study verifies the conjecture made by Burns et al

Multidigraph Autocatalytic Set for Modelling Complex Systems

The motion of solid objects or even fluids can be described using mathematics. Wind movements, turbulence in the oceans, migration of birds, pandemic of diseases and all other phenomena or systems can be understood using mathematics, i.e., mathematical modelling. Some of the most common techniques used for mathematical modelling are Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE), Partial Differential Equation (PDE), Statistical Methods and Neural Network (NN). However, most of them require substantial amounts of data or an initial governing equation. Furthermore, if a system increases its complexity, namely, if the number and relation between its components increase, then the amount of data required and governing equations increase too. A graph is another well-established concept that is widely used in numerous applications in modelling some phenomena. It seldom requires data and closed form of relations. The advancement in the theory has led to the development of a new concept called autocatalytic set (ACS). In this paper, a new form of ACS, namely, multidigraph autocatalytic set (MACS) is introduced. It offers the freedom to model multi relations between components of a system once needed. The concept has produced some results in the form of theorems and in particular, its relation to the Perron–Frobenius theorem. The MACS Graph Algorithm (MACSGA) is then coded for dynamic modelling purposes. Finally, the MACSGA is implemented on the vector borne disease network system to exhibit MACS’s effectiveness and reliability. It successfully identified the two districts that were the main sources of the outbreak based on their reproduction number, R0

Synthesis of Gum Arabic Magnetic Nanoparticles for Adsorptive Removal of Ciprofloxacin: Equilibrium, Kinetic, Thermodynamics Studies, and Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

Given the increasing risks that antibiotic abuse poses to microecology and human health, it is imperative to develop incredibly powerful adsorbents. This study investigated the use of environmentally sustainable polymeric nanocomposite based on gum arabic (GA) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) synthesized via co-precipitation method to form gum arabic magnetitic nanoparticles (GA-MNPs) as an efficient adsorbent for ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal from aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties and morphology of the synthesized GA-MNPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). The experiment was designed by response surface methodology (RSM) and the Central Composite Design (CCD) was utilized to optimize the operating variables: contact time (0–120 min), pH (3–10), adsorbent dosage (0.10–0.40 g/L), and concentration of adsorbate (5–100 mg/L). Results showed that 96.30% was the maximum percentage of CIP removed. The adsorption effect of the CIP molecule on the surface of the GA-MNPs was investigated using regression analysis and analysis of variance. Furthermore, Freundlich Isotherm and Pseudo Second order kinetic equations have the highest consistency with experimental investigations suggesting double-layer adsorption. This implies that chemisorption was the mechanism involved. In addition, the calculated thermodynamic parameters were postulating an exothermic and spontaneous method in nature. Owing to its adsorption selectivity and recyclability, GA-MNPs could be classified as an environmentally friendly, less expensive, and highly efficient promising adsorbent for remediation of CIP from aqueous solution

Antimicrobial susceptibility and ESBLs profiles of non-typhoidal Salmonellae from poultry droppings in Katsina and Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria

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