Cybercrime in Nigeria: An Overview of Cybercrime Act 2013

The paper focuses on cybercrimes in Nigeria, the examples of cybercrimes and also an overview of Cybercrimes Act 2013. Cybercrime are associated with Nigerian for examples email scams, phishing and credit card fraud; the Nigerian banks are susceptible to these attacks. It is evident that many Nigerians, organizations and government are investing significant amount of money in protection their Information communication and technology (ICTs) systems and networks. The increase rises of cybercrimes in the Nigerian cyberspace prove that some organizations are fighting cybercrimes through cyber security experts but only when security is breached or compromise. The recent Cybercrimes Act established by the Nigerian legislation intends to fight cybercrimes in all angles. The Overview of Cybercrimes Act 2013 gives us an inside of the relevancy of the Act to the current issue at hand where the Act dedicated a Part discussing the offences and their penalties in relation to cybercrime. With this Act in operation a roadmap in curbing the menace of cybercrime in Nigeria is captured. The paper will proffer recommendations and conclusions for effective measures for proper implementation and enforcement. Keywords: Cybercrime, examples of cybercrimes, overview of Cybercrime Act 201

Determinants of Non Alcoholic Beverages (NAB) Consumption in North-Western Nigeria: A study of Sokoto Metropolis

Non alcoholic beverages (NAB) consumption in Nigeria has been steadily increasing over the years to the point where nearly half of the populace are consumers of these products. This study seeks to determine the role played by socioeconomic characteristics in driving consumption of some selected NABs particularly juice and carbonated soda in Sokoto metropolis of Nigeria. To adequately capture the variables of interest, specifically, location and ethnicity variables, the metropolis was grouped into four clusters, namely Peri-urban, Sokoto main, G R As, and Resident community. In each of the clusters one hundred households were randomly selected to arrive at a sample size of four hundred households. Descriptive, OLSMR and probit analytical tools were used to analyse the data collected. The results shows that about 59% and 71% of the respondents consumed juice and soda respectively while the per capita consumption of juice was slightly higher than that of soda which were 7.57 and 7.32 litres respectively. Household sizes, education and economic status of the household heads play a significant role in determining the consumption level of both juice and soda. While gender and location significantly affected the respective consumption of juice and soda in the metropolis. In both cases gender and household sizes where negative while the rest where positive. The probit analysis showed that age and household sizes negatively affected the probability of both juice and soda consumption, while education and economic status of the household heads positively determined the probability of consumption of the two beverages in the metropolis. Finally, while gender has a negative effect on the probability of juice consumption, ethnicity of the household heads played a positive role in the consumption probability of soda beverages. The study concluded that an improvement in the consumption of NABs in the metropolis requires policies aimed at encouraging the citizenry to have a smaller family size, sound education and raising their real incomes. While the manufacturers should be encouraged to fortify their carbonated drinks with nutrients.Keywords: Juice, Soda, Sokoto metropolis, Probit, OLSMR, Consumptio

Kinetic Study of Calcination of Jakura Limestone Using Power Rate Law Model

The current demand of hydrated lime [Ca(OH)2] worldwide has necessitated investigation into kinetics of calcinations of some large commercial deposits of limestone in Nigeria. The study is aimed at finding kinetic parameters for the purpose of energy saving, lime kiln design, modeling and simulation of lime kiln. In this study, kinetic of Jakura limestone calcination process using power rate law has been investigated. The Jakura limestone has percentage composition of 96.56% of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) and the results of its decomposition at different temperature between 800 – 12000C showed that conversion of CaCO3 to quicklime (CaO) increased with increase in reaction temperature and reaction time. It was observed that optimum conversion time within the temperature range studied was 6 hours with maximum conversion of 91.01% achieved at 12000C. The calcination of Jakura limestone was also found to be first order reaction with respect to CaCO3 concentration having average regression coefficient of 0.99. The temperature dependent terms were found using Arrhenius law and it was observed that the reaction temperature has a direct effect on the rate of reaction. The effective values of activation energy and frequency factor were all within the range of literature values and were found to be 121.708kJ/mol/K, and 2.943 respectively

Hepatorenal toxicity studies of sub-chronic administration of calyx aqueous extracts of hibiscus sabdariffa in albino rats

Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn has been reported to have a broad range of therapeutic effects. Subchronic effects of calyces aqueous extracts of H. Sabdariffa were studied in albino rats. Twenty four (24) albino rats were randomly divided into six (6) groups of four rats each. Group A, was fed with growers mesh and distilled water as control. Groups B to F were administered orally with the aqueous extract at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5g /kg body weight respectively and the treatment period was 28 days. A decreased in weights of the animals were observed at all dose levels. The activities of liver maker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) and direct bilirubin increased significantly (p0.05) increase in concentrations of total protein and albumin were observed in comparison to the control. The renal indices, urea, uric acid and creatinine in the treated groups were significantly increased compared to the control but a significant decrease (

Effects of Boko Haram Insurgency on Public Schools and Responses by Government of Borno State, Nigeria

Boko Haram insurgency in the Northeast affected all sectors of human endeavour including education. This study examined the effects of the insurgency on the education sector in Borno State. Heads of institutions from five primary, four junior secondary and four senior secondary schools in each of the three senatorial zones were selected based on the availability of the heads of the schools and interviewed with a structured 24 item questionnaire consisting of both open ended and close ended questions. This was triangulated with official data obtained from Nigeria Union of Teachers (NUT) and other sources. Analysis showed that schools in Borno Central (23.3%) and Southern (15.8%) senatorial zones are severely damaged in terms of infrastructure. where classrooms, laboratories and hostels were damaged. As a response measure, government embarked on immediate closure of schools, and later their merger into learning centres in Maiduguri and Biu, development of Educational Sector plan and securing of schools including fencing and barb wire. Other measures include increased government spending on education to provide facilities, free lunch and transportation services to pupils through the school bus transit scheme. It was recommended that recruitment of more teachers into both primary and secondary schools as well as sustenance of the school feeding programme are required.

THE EFFECT OF TIME INFLUENCE ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOLLOWING KETAMINE AND DIAZEPAM ADMINISTERATION IN CATS

Objective: The present study aims to determine the effect of time influence on rectal temperature, respiratory and pulse rate, onset and duration of action, duration of recumbency and recovery following ketamine and diazepam administration in cats.Methods: Experimental study design was used on 20 cats (males and females) randomly divided into two equal groups (A and B). Ketamine (10 mg/kg i. m.) was administered to group A in the morning. The same procedure was repeated using different dosages (15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg i.m.) at intervals of 3 days each. A similar procedure was applied to group B in the evening. A week after, diazepam (1.5 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg and 3.5 mg/kg i. v.) were administered to group A and B using the same procedure used in ketamine administration. All baseline measurements were recorded after each drug administration and were repeated at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 min intervals after induction of anesthesia with ketamine and diazepam.Results: It was found that the onset of action of ketamine following i. m. administration was slightly longer at evening (2-5 mins) while that of diazepam was instant after i. v. administration. The duration of recumbency was shorter in the morning using ketamine while longer following diazepam (7-19 mins) administration. The rectal temperature, respiratory and pulse rate were lower in the morning following ketamine and diazepam administration even though, the respiratory and pulse rate decreases as the dose was increased but not statistically significant. The duration of action and recovery was significantly longer in the morning after ketamine and diazepam administration.Conclusion: According to this study, there was not much difference between morning and evening administration using both drugs. However, it should be noted that influence of time of administration was evident in some of the parameters measured especially with diazepam.Â

A 10B-based neutron detector with stacked Multiwire Proportional Counters and macrostructured cathodes

We present the results of the measurements of the detection efficiency for a 4.7 \r{A} neutron beam incident upon a detector incorporating a stack of up to five MultiWire Proportional Counters (MWPC) with Boron-coated cathodes. The cathodes were made of Aluminum and had a surface exhibiting millimeter-deep V-shaped grooves of 45{\deg}, upon which the thin Boron film was deposited by DC magnetron sputtering. The incident neutrons interacting with the converter layer deposited on the sidewalls of the grooves have a higher capture probability, owing to the larger effective absorption film thickness. This leads to a higher overall detection efficiency for the grooved cathode when compared to a cathode with a flat surface. Both the experimental results and the predictions of the GEANT4 model suggests that a 5-counter detector stack with coated grooved cathodes has the same efficiency as a 7-counter stack with flat cathodes. The reduction in the number of counters in the stack without altering the detection efficiency will prove highly beneficial for large-area position-sensitive detectors for neutron scattering applications, for which the cost-effective manufacturing of the detector and associated readout electronics is an important objective. The proposed detector concept could be a technological option for one of the new chopper spectrometers and other instruments planned to be built at the future European Spallation Source in Sweden. These results with macrostructured cathodes generally apply not just to MWPCs but to other gaseous detectors as well.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure

Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria

Three patients, 30, 2 and one and a half years, were diagnosed as having falciparum malaria and were placed on chloroquine therapy which failed. They were then placed on quinine therapy that then cleared the parasitaemia. This case report seeks to draw the attention of the presence of possible chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria. (African Journal of Biotechnology: 2003 2(8): 244-245

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas in Sub-Saharan Africa: A case report and review of literature

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a rare indolent malignant tumor mostly found in young women in the second and third decades of life. Only about 3000 cases have been reported in English literature, with none in the West African region. Here, we report to the best of our knowledge, the first histologically confirmed case of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas in West Africa. A 29-year-old woman with a slow-growing left upper abdominal mass of 10 months. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography scans revealed a cystic-solid mass arising from the tail of the pancreas. She underwent surgical excision of the mass, with post-operative histopathology findings in keeping with solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas. This case report highlights the importance of improved abdominal imaging, histopathology and the need for increased awareness as a differential diagnosis of an intra-abdominal tumor, especially in young women