Water supply and sanitation in Dhaka City.

km2 area and provides residence for about 7 Million people. The city is highly potential for the economic and infrastructural development. Similar to other developing regions, this city also lacks many essential needs. Among others, water supply and sanitation are of great concern. Ground water is the main source of potable water supply to the city. Although many rivers passes through the city and the surrounding areas, due to lack of fund, surface water treatment facilities could not be constructed. As such, the city relies on the naturally purified groundwater. The city is served by combination of separate and combined sewer system; again, which is not adequate for the city. Lack of proper operation and maintenance make the sewer system inefficient. Most of the rain events cause localised flooding due to blocked and inadequate sewer systems. The only centralised municipal wastewater treatment facility located at Pagla is unable to cope with the amount of wastewater received by the plant. Although the city is developing rapidly for the housing, roads and industries, the infrastructure facilities related to the water supply and sanitation are not given due attention; mainly due to lack of financial support. As a result, the rivers are heavily polluted due to municipal and industrial waste discharges. Recently, the historical Buriganga River is cleaned by removing the contaminated sediments. However, if proper wastewater treatment infrastructures are not built and operated properly the river water quality will remain unacceptable. This poster paper is intended to draw attention of the international donor agencies to look into the water supply and sanitation status of the most densely populated Mega City of the world. It is realised that there should be proper strategic plan, legislative setup and allocation of adequate fund to properly design, build and operate the facilities related to water supply and sanitation

Multi -Layer Based Data Aggregation Algorithm for Convergence Platform of IoT and Cloud Computing

Sensor Networks (SN) are deployed in smart domain to sense the environment which is essential to provide the services according to the users need. Hundreds or sometimes thousands of sensors are involved in sensor networks for monitoring the target phenomenon. Large scale of sensory data have to be handle by the sensor network which create several problems such as waste of sensors energy, data redundancy. To overcome these deficiencies one most practice solution is data aggregation which can effectively decrease the massive amount of data generated in SNs by lessening occurrence in the sensing data. The aim of this method is to lessen the massive use of data generated by surrounding nodes, thus saving network energy and providing valuable information for the end user. The effectiveness of any data aggregation technique is largely dependent on topology of the network. Among the various network topologies clustering is preferred as it provides better controllability, scalability and network maintenance phenomenon. In this research, a data aggregation technique is proposed based on Periodic Sensor Network (PSN) which achieved aggregation of data at two layers: the sensor nodes layer and the cluster head layer. In sensor node layer set similarity function is used for checking the redundant data for each sensor node whereas Euclidean distance function is utilized in cluster head layer for discarding the redundancy of data between different sensor nodes. This aggregation technique is implemented in smart home where sensor network is deployed to capture environment related information (temperature, moisture, light, H2 level). Collected information is analyzed using ThinkSpeak cloud platform. For performance evaluation amount of aggregated data, number of pairs of redundant data, energy consumption, data latency, and data accuracy are analyzed and compared with the other state-of-art techniques. The result shows the important improvement of the performance of sensor networks

Joule Heating Effect on the Coupling of Conduction with Magnetohydrodynamic Free Convection Flow from a Vertical Flat Plate

The present work describes the effect of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flow along a vertical flat plate with Joule heating and heat conduction. The governing boundary layer equations are first transformed into a non-dimensional form and resulting nonlinear system of partial differential equations are then solved numerically by using the implicit finite difference method with Keller box scheme. The results of the skin friction co-efficient, the surface temperature distribution, the velocity and the temperature profiles over the whole boundary layer are shown graphically for different values of the Prandtl number Pr (Pr = 1.74, 1.00, 0.72, 0.50, 0.10), the magnetic parameter M (M = 1.40, 0.90, 0.50, 0.10) and the Joule heating parameter J (J = 0.90, 0.70, 0.40, 0.20). Numerical values of the skin friction coefficients and surface temperature distributions for different values of Joule heating parameter have been presented in tabular form

Perception of muslim consumers towards tax deduction through Zakat in malaysia: an empirical investigation on muslims in Malaysia

The aim of this study is to explore the factors which are affecting Muslim consumers‟ perception towards tax deduction through zakat in Malaysia. A conceptual framework was drawn based on the literature. Six factors were extracted through principal component analysis and SEM was run to test the hypotheses. This research found that halal-haram aspect of Islamic Shariah has a very positive influence on Muslim consumers‟ perception towards the tax rebate system. In addition, legal consciousness and knowledge about tax and zakat have positive significant impact on Muslim consumers‟ perceptions towards this system. Due to the limited literature available on this subject matter, this study offers unique findings that may help in capitalizing the practices in Muslim countries and to understand their consumers‟ perception regarding the tax deduction system. In conclusion zakat institutions in Malaysia will also be better benefitted through this research finding. Keywords: Muslim Consumer, Perception, Tax deduction through Zaka

Urban runoff quantity and quality control – Malaysian perspective.

continued to increase at the urban areas in Malaysia. Such deteriorating trend was linked to increased land conversion activities, rapid disposal concept of drainage systems, main target on the control of point pollution sources (municipal and industrial wastewater) only, illicit connections and discharge of untreated sullage (grey-water) to the drainage systems. Realizing the limitations of the past efforts, various initiatives are taken in the recent pasts to improve the flood mitigation measures and river water quality throughout the country. Quantity and quality control of urban runoff is one of the most significant initiatives taken by the government of Malaysia. The significance of urban runoff quantity and quality control is gaining recognition throughout the country since the endorsement of Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (USMMM), which was mandated in June 2000 by the Ministry Cabinet. It is now being applied for urban land development approval. The Manual consists of detailed engineering procedures and guidelines for runoff quantity control and treatment of non-point (diffuse) source pollutants. Receiving response from various stake-holders during the last 10 years, the government has taken another initiative to further improve the USMMM and prepare Standard Books for the legal enforcement of the runoff quantity and quality control. Such initiative by the government is highly expected to assist regulatory authorities and practitioners to reduce urban runoff related problems (flash flood and diffuse pollution) from the municipalities and help achieve the target of improved in river water quality nationwide. Various types of structural and non-structural best management practices (BMPs) are proposed in the manual. All stakeholders are working together to adopt the BMPs recommended in the USMMM. Lack of nationwide data on runoff quality from various landuses and local performance data of the structural best management practices (BMPs), are the main constraints the authorities are focusing on. The initiatives taken by the government of Malaysia can be a model for other developing nations in controlling runoff quantity and quality from urban areas. This paper briefly overviews the background of the urban runoff (both quantity and quality) management practices highlighting the issues regarding its implementation and improvement

The use of arthroscopy in diagnosing and treating sports-related cartilage lesions

Background: Sports-related cartilage lesions pose challenges for athletes. Cartilage, vital for smooth joint movement, can be damaged. Arthroscopy, a minimally invasive procedure, allows precise diagnosis and treatment of joint issues, offering quicker recovery and minimal scarring, enhancing orthopedic interventions. This study aimed to assess the use of arthroscopy in diagnosing and treating sports-related cartilage lesions. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the department of orthopaedics and traumatology, Life Line Hospital Moulovibazar, Mount Adora Hospital Sylhet, MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital Sylhet, Bangladesh from January 2022 to December 2023. As the study subjects, a total of 58 patients with non-surgically treated acute or chronic sports-related cartilage lesions were enrolled by using a purposive sampling technique. After 6 months, a follow-up report was recorded. Data were analyzed by using Microsoft Office tools. Results: In this study, 72% of participants underwent cuff repair, with the remaining 28% opting for loop repair. The arthroscopic assessment revealed anterior medial cartilage lesions in 34% and anterior lateral lesions in 28%. Posterior medial, posterior lateral, and mid-talus dome cartilage lesions were observed in 17%, 5%, and 16%, respectively. Capsule repair was employed in 86% of cases. Significant improvement in hip range of motion, as well as radiological parameters like lateral center-edge angle, alpha angle (anteroposterior), and alpha angle (Dunn), was observed 6 months postoperatively (p<0.001). Conclusions: In detecting and treating sports-related cartilage lesions, arthroscopy is an effective method. This minimally invasive less painful treatment approach contributes to faster rehabilitation and a quicker return to normal activities

Data-driven sparse estimation of nonlinear fluid flows

Estimation of full state fluid flow from limited observations is central for many practical applications in physics and engineering science. Fluid flows are manifestations of nonlinear multiscale partial differential equations (PDE) dynamical systems with inherent scale separation. Although the Navier-stokes equations can successfully model fluid flows, there are only limited cases of flows for which it is feasible to acquire exact analytical or numerical solutions. For many real-life fluid flow problems, extremely complex boundary conditions limit accurate modeling and simulations. In such situations, data from experiments or field measurements represents the absolute truth and very few in numbers thus limiting the potential of in-depth analysis. Consequently different data-driven techniques have been critical in active research in recent days. The ability to reconstruct important fluid flows from limited data is critical in applications extending from active flow control to as diverse as cardiac blood flow modeling and climate science. In this work, we investigated both (1) linear estimation method by leveraging data specific proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique, and (2) nonlinear estimation method on the ground of machine learning using deep neural network (DNN) algorithm. Given that sparse reconstruction is an inherently ill-posed problem, to generate well-posedness our linear sparse estimation (LSE) approach encodes the physics into the underlying sparse basis obtained from POD. On the other hand, for nonlinear sparse estimation (NLSE) we tried to find an optimal neural network model working over different ranges of hyperparameters through a systematic implementation. Our NLSE approach learns an end-to-end mapping between the sensor measurements and the high dimensional fluid flow field. We demonstrate the performance of both approaches for low and high dimensional examples in fluid mechanics. We also assess the interplay between sensor quantity and their placements introducing some greedy-smart sensor placement methods such as Discrete Empirical Interpolation Method (DEIM), QR-pivoting, etc. The LSE method needs the knowledge of low dimensional sparse basis to be known a priori, whereas the NLSE requires no prior knowledge to be available. The estimation algorithm of NLSE is purely data-driven with a comparable level of performance. To make our neural network optimization more robust we implemented Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) algorithm to ensure that each hyperparameter sample has all portions of its distribution in the considered range of analysis instead of sampling them randomly. Throughout the thesis, we demonstrate a comparison of each approach taken into consideration to conclude on their performances. A special focus has been placed to learn high dimensional multiscale system such as the near-wall turbulent channel flow using the NLSE method to evaluate the advantages and limitations of the nonlinear approach in comparison to the traditional linear estimation

Educational Life in the Interregnum: Race, Dis/ability, and Special Education

This article undertakes a comparative analysis of special education policy through the juxtaposition of two recent Supreme Court actions: Allston v. Lower Merion School District (2015) and Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District (2017). This comparison reveals an ordering of special education policy around questions of race. Specifically, this article argues that special education policy is governed by a racecraft of disability labeling that defines students of color as variously disabled and through a biopolitics of special education that expands disability services for individual students who are within the truth demarcated by scientific-juridical mediations of life. Against such negative inflections of life, this article concludes by turning to John Dewey’s educational and democratic thinking to posit an affirmation of educational life that counters the morbid symptoms that presently define education’s interregnum

State of knowledge on emergency response and crisis management: evidence of sample secondary students of Bangladesh

In the era of late modernity, individual vulnerability is affected by various threats and risks. Consequently, people need to be aware of these and fit in more than ever before. To help people become competent in this changing world and to prepare for future threats, academic institutions play a vital role. To understand such an academic role, a part of the literature has highlighted how a student can better learn emergency responses (ER) and crisis management (CM). Nevertheless, very little literature has focused on how a developing country’s students, particularly teenagers, learn and understand ER and CM. Focusing on such gaps in the literature, this study aims to understand a sample of Bangladeshi secondary students’ state of knowledge related to ER and CM. With the help of cluster sampling, the researcher distributed a survey among a sample of 360 students between 9th and 12th standard from two southern districts respectively Khulna and Noakhali, which are also disaster-prone areas of Bangladesh. Adopting Krathwohl’s model of knowledge typology, such as factual knowledge, conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge, and metacognitive knowledge, the researcher collected and evaluated the data with descriptive statistics. The findings of this study show that even though most of the students are familiar with different ER- and CM-related keywords, they have limited deeper knowledge. Furthermore, there was a significant knowledge difference between the genders. Similarly, the lack of training in the academic environment also makes these young students vulnerable to any kind of threat from their surroundings that could affect the districts’ weak institutional and legislative structure. The scholarship of this study, which has policymakers and young academics as its possible audience, could assist them in raising the knowledge levels of students by adding new information to textbooks with illustrations and by setting up drills

The effect of different media ads on consumer’s purchase intension: a pragmatic exploration on the Bangladeshi fast food industry

Advertisement plays a significant role in terms of product or service characteristics clarification to the customer. Regardless of the advertisement’s types, a customer by the exposure of ads will go through specific steps of awareness. Realizing the current needs, this study aimed to examine the relationship between three different types of advertisements and their influence on the customer’s attitude towards fast food industry in Bangladesh. Data were collected by using convenient sampling method from Dhaka city in Bangladesh. The result of the research shows that, consumers have found the online advertising more interesting compared to media and print ads and its due to the rapid growth of internet users. Finally, based on the findings, some recommendations are proposed