Analysis Of Texture Features For Wood Defect Classification

Selecting important features in classifying wood defects remains a challenging issue to the automated visual inspection domain. This study aims to address the extraction and analysis of features based on statistical texture on images of wood defects. A series of procedures including feature extraction using the Grey Level Dependence Matrix (GLDM) and feature analysis were executed in order to investigate the appropriate displacement and quantisation parameters that could significantly classify wood defects. Samples were taken from the Kembang Semangkuk (KSK), Meranti and Merbau wood species. Findings from visual analysis and classification accuracy measures suggest that the feature set with the displacement parameter, d=2, and quantisation level, q=128, shows the highest classification accuracy. However, to achieve less computational cost, the feature set with quantisation level, q=32, shows acceptable performance in terms of classification accurac

A safety evaluation of intravenous administration of ex vivo expanded human peripheral blood-derived NK cells : a preclinical study

The use of natural killer (NK) cells in the treatment of various cancers is emerging as a promising approach in adoptive immunotherapy. However, the safety of ex vivo activated and expanded cells in in vivo conditions remain unknown. In this study, the toxicity of NK cells was evaluated at different doses, with 5 × 106, 20 × 106 and 50 × 106 cells injected intravenously into pre-irradiated (30Gy) immunodeficient mice twice a week for three weeks and the mice were followed-up on for 90 days. Throughout the study, no mortality, abnormal clinical signs, or behavioural changes related to the testing material were observed in either the treated or control groups of mice. There were no significant variations in food and water consumption between both genders in the NK cell treated and control groups. However, certain significant changes were observed between the groups in the clinical biochemistry and urine analysis reports. As autopsy showed no significant variations in absolute and relative organ weights between the groups, except for the livers of the treated mice. The histopathological analysis also demonstrated that there were no significant abnormalities in most of the organs of both genders, except for the liver. Some necrotic lesions were observed in the livers of both the treated and control mice, and these lesions may be due to the effects of irradiation or could be common in NOD.SCID mice. The findings of this study indicate that intravenous administration of NK cells is safe and does not cause any adverse effects up to the dose of 50 × 106 cells/mouse