Comparative Study of Milk Production and Feed Efficiency Based on Farmers Best Practices and National Research Council

This study aimed to compare local dairy farmer ration formula with national research council in producing higher feed efficiency and milk production. This study had two stages. The first stage was in vitro study of dairy farmer rations which have different raw materials (R3, R4, and R5) with NRC based ration (R2) and Demo Farm ration (R1). The variables measured in this stage were proximate composition, volatile fatty acid, ammonia, dry matter and organic matter digestibility. The first stage used a randomized block design with five treatments, three groups of ruminal fluid, and three replications. The second stage used nine lactating cows with three periods of lactation (one, three, and other) and used a randomized block design with three treatments, three groups, and one replication. Parameters measured were dry matter intake, manure score, milk production, body weight gain, body condition score, and technical and economical efficiencies. The first stage result showed that R1, R2, and R3 were three best rations in nutrient composition and fermentability (ammonia and volatile fatty acid concentrations were optimum for microbial growth and high digestibility), so in conclusion those three rations were the best rations and should be compared by in vivo method. The result of the second stage showed that all tested rations were not significantly different in milk production, performance and efficiency, so in conclusion those three rations have the same quality

Nduksi Pematangan Gonad Ikan Koan Ctenopharyngodon Idella (Valenciennes, 1844) dengan Menggunakan Hormon dan Pakan Indigofera Zollingeriana [Maturational Induction Of Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon Idella (Valenciennes, 1844) Using Hormone And Indigofera Zollingeriana Feed]

Premiks hormon pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) dan anti dopamin dapat mempercepat pematangan gonad pada ikan. Indigofera zollingeriana merupakan tumbuhan leguminosa yang memiliki nutrisi tinggi dan mengandung ka-rotenoid yang berfungsi untuk perkembangan oosit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mempercepat pematangan gonad meng-gunakan premiks hormon serta menggantikan pakan komersial dengan pakan indigofera pada ikan koan (Ctenopha-ryngodon idella). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan yaitu A (NaCl fisiologis 0,5 ml kg-1 bobot tubuh + pakan komersial), B (NaCl fisiologis 0,5 ml kg-1 bobot tubuh + pakan indigofera), C (premiks hormon 0,5 ml kg-1 bobot tubuh + pakan komersial), D (premiks hormon 0,5 ml kg-1 bobot tubuh + pakan indigofera), E (premiks hormon 0,5 ml kg-1 bobot tubuh dalam pakan indigofera) dan lima kali ulangan individu. Hasil penelitian me-nunjukkan bahwa estradiol-17p mencapai puncak pada minggu keempat pada perlakuan C yaitu sebesar 1194,8 pg ml-1 sedangkan pada perlakuan E konsentrasi estradiol-17p lebih tinggi daripada perlakuan lain pada minggu kedelapan. Pada akhir penelitian indeks kematangan gonad tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan E. Penambahan premiks hormon pada pakan dapat meningkatkan kematangan gonad hingga mencapai fase perinukleus sedangkan pada kontrol tidak berkem-bang. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa premiks hormon dapat menginduksi kematangan gonad, pakan indigofera dapat menggantikan pakan komersial sebagai pakan induk, dan induksi pematangan gonad secara hormonal dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian pakan yang lebih kompetitif

Concentration of Potassium, Magnesium, and Iron of Brachiaria Humidicola (Rendle Schweick) at Various Cultivation Methods and Defoliation Intervals

The existence of weeds significantly decreases the rate of production and quality of herbage. Physical weed control by defoliation could be expected to sustain quality and production of herbage, and is able to control weeds expansion. The aims of this study were to know the effect of defoliation intervals of B. humidicola that invited by C. odorata and its effect on potassium, magnesium and iron concentration. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Agrostology, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University. Chemical composition of forage was analyzed at the Chemistry Laboratory, Center of Soil and Agroclimatology Research. Split Plot Design in Time was used in the field experiment. The treatments were nine different planting methods and different defoliation intervals. Defoliation times were divided on the first defoliation and the last defoliation. The results of this experiment showed that potassium, magnesium and iron concentrations of herbage which were defoliated every 30 days was significantly higher than those defoliated every 60 days and 90 days. Potassium and iron concentrations at the last defoliation were higher than the first defoliation. The existence of C. odorata decreased magnesium and iron concentration of B. humidicola herbage, although they were defoliated together with grass defoliation