5 research outputs found

    The connection between Ma`ani Nahwi in Arabic and Modistae in Latin: an approach to the history of linguistic studies

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    The research emphasizes on the connection between the Arabic concept of ma`ani nahwi and modistae in Latin. In order to identify this connection, the researcher has to elaborate on the role of Aristotle’s categories in influencing the concept of modistae in the Middle Ages first. The paper will then reevaluate the influence of Muslim philosophers such as al-Farabi (c.870-c.950 AD), Avicenna (980-1037 AD) and Averoes (c.1126-c.1198 AD) in Latin and clarify the role of Jurjani (d.1078 AD) in introducing his concept of nazm towards ma`ani nahwi. The result of the research will also enhance the understanding of the relationship between syntax and semantic which has not been effectively clarified within the framework of traditional Arabic grammatical theory

    Reclaiming Palestinian History: An Analytical Study of Ancient Arabic Language

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    Palestinian history has become one of the most obfuscated histories of today as a result of the stranglehold on the study of Palestine and the ancient Near East. Palestinian history has been denied a place in western academic discourse. This research approaches ancient Palestinian history based on linguistic theory, i.e. the analytical and critical study of ancient Arabic language. The question is how linguistic theories can contribute to reclaim the history of Palestine. It is assumed that a critical reassessment of the origin of Palestinian history is possible through the study of ancient Palestinian linguistics. An academic linguistic approach ensures that the study of languages is integrated into a larger context. It aims at introducing Palestinian history as a more readily accessible field of study no longer monopolized by exclusivist biblical studies. When we relate Islamic literature to predating ancient eastern religions and history as major sources of reference rather than referring to Jewish and Christian sources, we have to investigate the authenticity of their views. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the development of Arabic ancient civilization, the researcher considers it essential to assess linguistic theories developed by Muslim scholars. Major primary sources constitute the extant ancient scriptures which reflect the stages of ancient eastern civilization. The first part of our analysis addresses linguistic theory focusing on the plethora of documented social interaction of various ancient Near Eastern societies. The history of ancient Palestine has been continuously sidelined by the domineering branch of biblical studies focusing on the history of ancient Israel, and thus, in order to restore balance, it is imperative to give the study of Palestinian history back its identity as „Arab history‟

    مقتطفات من الشعر الجاهلي = (Muqtatafat min al-shi'r al-jahili)

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    قبل الخوض في غمار الكلام عن العصر الجاهلي ومميزاته وطبيعته فإن من الأهمية بمكان أن نشير إلى المعاني التي يتضمنها هذا المصطلح لأن الحكم على الشيء فرع عن تصوره. فإذا كان هذا المصطلح "العصر الجاهلي" يتكوّن من كلمتين وهما: "العصر" و"الجاهلي" فينبغي أن نعرفه من حيثيتين: الأولى: كونه مركبا، والثانية: كونه لقبا. فلفظ العصر يطلق ويراد به الحقبة من الزمن، أما لفظ "الجاهلي" فإنه مشتق من فعل "جهل" ويطلق الجهل في اللغة ويراد به السفه تارة، ويطلق ويراد به نقيض العلم تارة أخرى. فتقول مثلا: فلان جاهل أي غير عالم، وتقول أيضا: فلان يجهل على فلان أي يتسافه. فقد ورد لفظ الجهل في الشعر العربي وأريد به السفه كما في قول عمرو بن كلثوم: ألا لا يجهلنْ أحد علينا فنجهل فوق جهل الجاهلينا أي لا يسفهنّ وقد وردت كلمة "الجاهلية" ومشتقاتها في القرآن الكريم في تسعة عشر موضعا، أربعة منها بلفظ "الجاهلية" في سورة آل عمران والمائدة والأحزاب والفتح. كما وردت هذه الكلمة في السنة النبوية أيضا. أما تعريف العصر الجاهلي بوصفه "لقبا" فمحل أخذ ورد بين العلماء والباحثين الأدبيين حيث لم تتفق وجهات نظرهم على سياق واحد، وذلك لما يعتري هذا المصطلح من الغموض والضبابية تبعا لصعوبة تحديد زمنه وامتداده. فيرى البعض أن العصر الجاهلي "هو عصر ما قبل الإسلام " وعمره قرن ونصف" بيد أن البعض الآخر يرى أنه " الحال التي كانت عليها العرب قبل الإسلام من الجهل بالله سبحانه وتعالى ورسوله، وشرائع الدين والمفاخرة بالأنساب والكبر والتجبّر وغير ذلك"، ويقطع بعضهم بأن العصر الجاهلي هو ذلك " الزمان الفاصل بين الرسولين الكريمين عيسى ومحمد عليهما السلام" ، وفي السّياق نفسه قسّم بعض الباحثين العصر الجاهلي إلى قسمين رئيسين: الأول: الجاهلية الأولى، والثاني: وهو عصر ما قبل بعثة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم، وهذا الأخير هو الذي أنتج هذا الكم الهائل من الشعر الذي يلوح في ساحتنا الأدبية. وقد أشار إلى هذا المعنى شوقي ضيف حيث قال: "من أجل هذا كله نقف بالعصر الجاهلي عند هذه الفترة المحدودة أي عند مئة وخمسين عامًا قبل الإسلام، وما وراء ذلك يمكن تسميته بالجاهلية الأولى، وهو يخرج عن هذا العصر الذي ورثنا عنه الشعر الجاهلي واللغة الجاهلية، والذي تكامل فيه نشوء الخط العربي وتشكله تشكلًا تامًّا"

    Optimization of CNTs production using full factorial design and its advanced application in protein purification

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    Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been successfully synthesized by using in-house fabricated Double Stage Chemical Vapor Deposition (DS-CVD) technique, using acetylene (C2H2) and hydrogen (H2) as the precursor gases. The purity, morphology and the structure of CNTs were then characterized using Field Emission Scanning Microscope (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The effects of the process parameters were examined whereby the experimental design of the investigation was conducted using Design Expert® Version 6.0.8. The statistical analysis reveals that the optimized conditions for the best CNTs yield production at 850°C reaction temperature, 60 min reaction time, with gas flow rates at 40 and 150 ml/min for C2H2 and H2, respectively. The CNTs produced were successfully used as column chromatographic media. Due to its nanosized structured dimension, CNTs' have tremendously large surface area and that lead to highly efficient protein purification. Skim latex protein has been used as the model protein and we aim to recover useful proteins and enzymes from this known wasteful material. During the purification, the process parameters such as pH and ionic strength of the running buffer were optimized to enhance protein purification. Results reveal that CNTs behave efficiently as a hydrophobic interaction chromatographic media
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