Performance Evaluation of Real Time Traffic in LTE Networks

Long-Term Evolution, commonly known as 4G LTE, is a standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals. TCP protocol plays a significant role in LTE network. Congestion control algorithm is an integral module of TCP that directly determines the performance of the protocol in IP Network. Many TCP variants like TCP-Vegas, TCP-Tahoe, TCP-Reno, TCP-NewReno, TCP-SACK, and TCP-FACK have been proposed for high bandwidth real time services in LTE network [1]. These TCP variants can be used to improve quality of service parameters i.e., throughput, average delay and lost packet in LTE network [2]. Since LTE systems has high-data-rate, low-latency and packet-optimized radio access technology therefore these parameters directly affect the traffic. In this paper, complete LTE Network is simulated using the OPNET simulator to evaluate network performance in real time [3]. The simulated LTE network is tested for each type of TCP protocol and the result is monitored for throughput, end to end delay, http and FTP traffic, re-transmission response time and packets drop etc and the results are plotted. At the end, it is concluded that TCP New Reno has outperformed in terms of throughput, re-transmission rate and http uplink and downlink traffic. In medium size network, the performance of Reno is satisfactory. Similarly changes in mobility rate enhance the performance of TCP Reno in other congestion control algorithms. On the other hand, TCP Cubic is found to be the worst performer for throughput, re-transmission rate and http traffic parameters. Keywords: LTE, QoS, EUTRAN, TCP, http, Opne

Employees Dismissal Cases: Analysis ofthe Industrial Court Awards

Analisa terhadap award yang telah diputuskan oleh Mahkamah Perusahaan yang berkaitan dengan pembuangan kerja menunjukkan bahawa terdapat enam jenis salah laku di dalam organisasi iaitu ponteng kerja, ketidakpatuhan arahan majikan, mutu kerja yang rendah, tidak jujur, perlanggaran peraturan dan cuai. Analysis of the Industrial Court awards related to dismissal cases have shown that there were six types of misconduct in organizations such as absenteeism, insubordination, poor performance, dishonesty, violation of rules and negligence

Exploration of a Chemo-Mechanical Technique for the Isolation of Nanofibrillated Cellulosic Fiber from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as a Reinforcing Agent in Composites Materials

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of sulphuric acid hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization as an effective chemo-mechanical process for the isolation of quality nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). The cellulosic fiber was isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) using acid hydrolysis methods and, subsequently, homogenized using a high-pressure homogenizer to produce NFC. The structural analysis and the crystallinity of the raw fiber and extracted cellulose were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and thermal stability were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, respectively. The FTIR results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed effectively from the extracted cellulose nanofibrils. XRD analysis revealed that the percentage of crystallinity was increased from raw EFB to microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), but the decrease for NFC might due to a break down the hydrogen bond. The size of the NFC was determined within the 5 to 10 nm. The TGA analysis showed that the isolated NFC had high thermal stability. The finding of present study reveals that combination of sulphuric acid hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization could be an effective chemo-mechanical process to isolate cellulose nanofibers from cellulosic plant fiber for reinforced composite materials

The Relationship of Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Fat to the Physical and Chemical Composition and the Organoleptic Properties of Beef

One hundred and thirty-five steer and heifer carcasses were used to study the relationship of intramuscular and subcutaneous fat to the physical and chemical composition and to the organoleptic properties of beef. Steer carcasses ranging in USDA grade from high standard to high choice and heifer carcasses ranging from low to good to high choice were included. A significant (P \u3c 0.05) positive relationship existed between USDA carcass grade and taste-panel tenderness scores of 6-7-8th rib roasts. Grade, marbling and percent ether extract of longissimus dorsi muscle were each significantly (P \u3c 0.05) related to juiciness scores of 6-7-8th rib roasts and club steaks. These relationships were not generally high and were somewhat inconsistent. Overall grade marbling or percent ether extract of l. dorsi muscle had almost the same influence on the east quality of beef. Eating quality was not significantly (P \u3c 0.05) affected by fat thickness. For the 9-10-11th rib roasts from both sexes, percent separable fat was influenced more by fat thickness than by grade. Percent protein content of cooked rib roasts had a significant positive influence on shear values obtained on roasts from heifers and a significant negative effect on juiciness scores of roasts from both sexes. Flavor was significantly related to percent protein content of cooked roasts from heifers. Juiciness and tenderness scores were significantly (P \u3c 0.05) increased as percent ether extract of cooked roasts from heifers increased. Percent protein content of cooked steaks from both sexes had a significant positive effect on shear value of club steaks and a significant negative effect on juiciness. For steaks from steers tenderness and flavor scores were significantly affected in a positive and curvilinear manner by percent protein content of cooked steaks. It was concluded that USDA quality grade and marbling cannot be used effectively to predict the degree of eating satisfaction experienced by the consumer

Impact of Well Stimulation on Coal Porosity of Malaysian Coals for Coalbed Methane (CBM) Study

Coalbed methane (CBM) is an unconventional gas contained in coalbed reservoir. The character of this reservoir is fundamentally different to conventional gas plays because coal is almost pure carbon. Coalbed methane (CBM) wells usually have higher production rate at the beginning of methane production but over time it decreases until it reaches unprofitable level. Well stimulation is one way to solve this problem and this research studies acidizing technique for stimulating coalbed reservoir since there is lack of research done in acidizing of CBM reservoir. The main objective of this research is to observe the effect on porosity of Malaysian coals (still not declared as a CBM producer) before and after being stimulated by different acids that are sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3). Several laboratory tests are performed to determine the porosity. The experiment starts by drying the coal samples in the oven for two hours and the weight for each sample is noted. Each sample is immersed in different acids with different volumes at constant temperature. After immersing the coal samples in acids for six hours, the samples are taken out for weight measurement. The experiment is repeated with different oven temperatures (500C and 1000C) for drying purposes. Upon completion of this research, a higher porosity is expected to be seen on Malaysian coal samples after acidizing job is done. So, it means that different acids have different effects on coal porosity value

The Adoption of Accounting Information System among Public Accountant in Tripoli of Libya

The main objectives of this study are to investigate there is relationship between perceived usefulness, ease of use and AIS adoption. AIS based on the usefulness and ease of use is the measurement of the technology acceptance.Furthermore, the terms of the likely behavioral and performance changes of technology acceptance are expected to occur through performance applications to business functions of public sector organization in Tripoli of Libya. These changes should be measure through the level of acceptance of technology. At the end, this study has conclusively found answer to all research questions and research objectives and found evident to the hypothesis formulated. The research confirmed the relationship between perceived usefulness and ease of use contribute were positively related to AIS adoption among public sector organization. It provides estimates of the research model and suggests which components of the adoption item will get more successful in AIS adoption. The research models are being pursued in the adoption of technology performance to succeed. The implementation of the examination of AIS adoption presents an opportunity for a performing government to look at its existing programs, services, and processes. Once appropriate metrics have been identified, data collection and tracking processes are put in place, the bank can begin to adjust its practices and evaluate its technology performance over time. A continuous feedback loop is formed, in which the government can use measurement information to re-align initiatives as needed

Correlation Analysis of Building Performance and Occupant’s Satisfaction via Post Occupancy Evaluation for Malaysia’s Public Buildings

The purpose of a building is to provide shelter for activities that carried out by the building users. The question is, does the facilities in the building perform well and appropriate to its use? The needs of occupants are affected by the building performance and on occupants’ evaluation of the buildings. Hence, Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) is introduced to empower the occupants’ opinion as the benchmark of building performance evaluation. POE comprises as one of the technique that is used to evaluate whether a building meets the user’s requirement. The broad aim of this paper is to determine the correlation of public buildings and occupant’s satisfaction; in order to seek possible opportunities for government involvement (as the building owner) and the public (as the user) to evaluate the performance criteria. By using a proposed framework of POE, the study has revealed that 74% of the aspects in building performance are in high correlation with the occupants’ satisfaction. The study concludes that the application of POE is effective and beneficial to be used by the public sector in evaluating the performance of public buildings in Malaysia.Post occupancy evaluation; Public buildings; Building performance; occupants’ satisfaction; Correlation analysis

Healthcare System through Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) using Telosb Motes

Due to the increased demand for an effective communication technology in the health care sector, a wireless network is needed that effectively monitors the patient’s vital sign and send reports concurrently to the remote system. This increases the comfort level of monitoring the patients continuously. The main idea of this article work is to build up a WBAN that endlessly monitors human healthiness parameters and reports information to the nearby PC/sinks. The small wearable devices which is memory efficient, energy efficient, less computational complexity are deployed on the patient to be monitored. They self-configure to endlessly monitor critical signs such as heart beat, core temperature etc. The energy efficiency and transmission delay is analyzed by using Cooja simulator. Finally the design is implemented in the Telosb wireless sensor motes

A parallel prevention algorithm for black hole attacks in MANET

In this paper, we propose a parallel algorithm for MANETs that optimizes both routing discovery and security in an Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV). The new algorithm, termed as Parallel Grid Optimization by the Daddy Long-Legs Algorithm (PGO-DLLA), simulates the behavior of the biological spiders known as daddy long-legs spiders.Experiments were conducted on an NS2 simulator to demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm.The results indicate better performance than the AntNet algorithm with respect to all metrics that used in experiments such as packet delivery ratio (PDR), end-to-end delay (EtoE) and Packet loss (PL) except throughput, for which AntNet is the better algorithm.In addition, the results show that PGO-DLLA outperforms the standard AODV algorithm in simulations of both a peaceful environment and a hostile environment represented by a black hole attacks