Utilization of Fly Ash as Low-Cost Adsorbent for the Treatment of Industrial Dyes Effluents- A Comparative Study

ABSTRACT Coal and sugar manufacturing power generation plants are engender million tons of fly ash as waste per annum. It creates serious disposal and environmental problems. There is no alternative usage for its utilization in industries. In this regard, efforts were taken to utilize fly ash waste in the treatment of highly toxic and polluted dyes effluents. In this advanced research, characterization of fly ash properties, preparation of adsorbent, utilization for the optimum reduction of dyes effluent pollutants, determination of adsorptive capacity and study of isotherm adsorption models were accomplished. Treatment efficiency was optimized using these ashes as adsorbent at optimum dose. Sugarcane bagasse fly ash (SBFA) could reduce the higher concentration of COD (51%), color (70%), turbidity (71%) and TSS (96%) from dyes effluent. All used fly ashes could reduce higher concentration of effluent pollutants at 4 g dosing. SBFA has high porosity, which resulted in high adsorption of effluent pollutants as compared to other fly ashes. The adsorptive capacity of all used fly ash was declined on increasing adsorbent dosing. Langmuir and freundlich isotherm models were evaluated for the determination of chemical adsorption behavior of fly ashes

Capillary Gas Chromatographic Determination of Gamma Aminobutyric acid and Putrescine in Cerebrospinal Fluid using Trifluoroacetylacetone as Derivatizing Reagent

In present work, a new capillary gas chromatographic procedure was established and validated for the determination of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and putrescine (Put) using trifluoroacetylacetone (FAA) as derivatizing reagent from Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) samples prior to their gas chromatographic- flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis. GABA, Put, cadaverine (Cad) and tyramine (TY) as imitative of FAA extracted from the column HP-5 (30 m x 0.32 mm i.d) at temperature 110 ºC for 1 min, tracked by heating rate 25 ºC to 260 ºC /min. The detection was carried out by FID with segregate ratio 10:1, v/v with whole run time 10 min. The proposed method showed linear calibration range between 2.5-50 µg/mL with low limit of detection 1.0 - 2.5 µg/mL analogous to 0.1 ng to 0.25 ng for selected Put, Cad, GABA, and TY. The method based on the pre-concentration was used for the determination of GABA and Put from CSF of human being and amounts found were 0.25- 0.56 µg/mL and 0.16 - 0.41 µg/mL with relative standard deviation (RSD) within 0.8 - 1.1 and 1.1 - 1.5 %, respectively. Many of amino-acids tested, separated completely and did not variate the determinations of GABA and Put