Supramolecular solvent based liquid–liquid microextraction and preconcentration of aluminum in water and biological samples

This study is focused on the design of a spectrophotometric technique for the liquid–liquid microextraction (Ss-LLME) of aluminum from water and hair samples to use a supramolecular solvent. Al (III)-curcumin complex was quantitatively isolated and preconcentrated using supramolecular solvent liquid–liquid microextraction at pH 6.0. The measured molar absorptivity for the compound was 9.28 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1 at 430 nm. Beers law was applicable in the concentration range of 0.1–12.0 µg mL−1. Extraction efficiency influencing factors like solution pH (6.0), mass of chelating agent (0.1 mg), sample volume (20 mL), type and volume of supramolecular solvent (decanol, 0.1 mL), the volume of THF (0.2 mL) and matrix effect was optimized. Parameters of merit like a limit of detection (0.056 mg L−1) and limit of quantification (0.189 mg L−1), preconcentration factors (50), enrichment factor (50), and determined relative standard deviations. The new method's precision was determined by analyzing verified reference materials TMDA-64.3 fortified water and NCS ZC81002B human hair. The procedure was applied to determination of aluminum contents of hair and water samples

BaTiO3 is a novel adsorbent for solid-phase extraction of copper at trace levels in food and water samples before HR-CS-FAAS detection

A simple, precise, and rapid method for preconcentration and determination of copper in food and water samples, based on sonication/vortex-free solid phase extraction with high resolution-continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry has been developed. In this study, BaTiO3 was synthesized using a single-step hydrothermal method and used as an adsorbent. BaTiO3 was characterized by FT-IR, SEM-EDX, STEM, XRD, and BET methods. The significant feature of the adsorbent is its high surface-to-volume ratio (177.4 m²/g). Important parameters (pH, adsorbent amount, eluent type and volume, adsorption and desorption time, model solution volume, and matrix effects) were optimized. The linear working range (5 – 250 µg L-1) and the detection limit (1.6 µg L-1) were calculated. The presented method was validated with certified reference material and the addition-recovery tests. The application of the method was evaluated for the extraction and determination of Cu(II) in selected food and water samples and quantitative data were obtained

Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: A Sustainable Material for Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) for Environmental Applications

© 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Sample preparation is one of the essential step in analytical chemistry. Along with the advancement in sample preparation, analytical chemists pay more attention to the solid phase microextraction (SPME) due to its unique properties. SPME-based methods are economically beneficial and reproducible. The adsorbent plays an essential role in the extraction process. Graphene has received attention due to its unique physicochemical characteristics such as high surface-to-volume ratio, novel electrical and thermal stability, and highly porosity. Due to unique characteristics, graphene and graphene-based materials have been efficiently used as adsorbents in SPME. This review discusses graphene and graphene-based materials used in SPME

Risk assessment of arsenic in ground water of Larkana city

Water is an essential component for the survival of humans and animals. Due to industrialization, water is being contaminated with varying polluting agents, arsenic (As) contamination is one of them. An exclusive study was carried out for the determination of As in groundwater of Larkana city using microwave-assisted digestion followed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). For that purpose, a total of 110 groundwater samples were collected from 10 union councils (UCs) of the city based on global position system (GPS) method. Results revealed that maximum concentration of As was found 17.0 μg/L in UC-6, while in UC-1, UC-2 and UC-10 the concentration of As was found within the permissible limits of WHO. The minimum and maximum mean concentration of As was found 3.59 μg/L and 6.78 μg/L, respectively. Out of 110 ground water samples of Larkana city, 13 samples were found above the permissible limits (~12% of total samples). Hence, water can be used for drinking purpose with caution

Risk assessment of heavy metals and salts for human and irrigation consumption of groundwater in Qambar city: a case study

The study investigated the water quality of groundwater for consumption of human beings and irrigation of taluka Qamber district Qamber-Shahdadkot, Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 21 representative groundwater samples were collected mostly used for human consumption. According to the research work, 81% samples were not suitable for drinking purpose with TDS above the maximum permissible limit of WHO (1000 mg/L). The pH, total phosphate-P, orth ophosphate-P, nitrate-N, nitrite-N, and arsenic were within WHO limits. The concentrations of essential metals more than half samples were higher than WHO guideline. The concentrations of trace metals like Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu of all samples were within WHO limits, but the values of Cr and Ni 52.38%, Cd 57.14%, and Pb 28.57% were above the WHO limits. The concentrations of fluoride in 81% were higher than permissible limits of WHO. The high consumption of water with concentration of salts and fluoride above the permissible limits may be a leading factor of a number of diseases in the area. The water quality determined for irrigation based on Kelly index (KI), sodium percentage (Na%), chloride–sulfate ratio, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), chloro alkaline indices1 (CAI-1), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and chloride bicarbonate ratio indicated that 25–90% samples were suitable for irrigation purposes

Human Exposure and Risk Assessment Due to Toxic Heavy Metals in Groundwater of Larkana City

In this study, groundwater of 10 union councils of Larkana city was assessed by using atomic absorption spectrometry following microwave-assisted digestion. A total of 110 groundwater samples were collected by using a Global Positioning System. The results revealed that iron, zinc, nickel, copper, and lead present in the groundwater of Larkana city were within the level of 0.002-0.6 mg/L, 0.02-0.42 mg/L, 1-14.0 mg/L, 0.01-0.87 mg/L, and 0.01-12.0 mg/L, respectively. A total of 38% and 16% of samples showed a higher concentration of iron and lead, respectively. While other elements in the analyzed samples were within the safe limits set by WHO guidelines

Public Awareness and Practices Towards Self-Medication with Antibiotics Among Malaysian Population: Questionnaire Development and Pilot Testing

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