Marine Enzymes Production Tools to the Pharmaceutical Industry

1656-1666Marine environment contains organisms that make it a profitable natural reservoir, having a tremendous potential to produce functional bio-catalysis, such as amylase, lipase, protease, curtains etc. The enzymes isolated from marine organisms, especially extremophiles, are distinguished by their habitat-related features through bioprospecting processes. These novel features include barophilicity, cold adaptively, salt tolerance and hyperthermo-stability which can alter industrial processes to facilitate mass transfer, energy savings, cost reduction, etc. . This review gives details about the marine enzymes and their, historical discovery followed by isolation processes, introducing seven special marine enzymes with emphasis on their potential applications in chemical, food and pharmaceutical industry

RAPD-ANALYSIS OF GENETIC VARIATION OF FOUR IMPORTANT RICE VARIETIES USING TWO OPR PRIMERS

ABSTRACT To assess the genetic diversity in four Oryza sativa genotypes using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Genomic DNA from O. sativa leaves was isolated, quantified by UV visible spectrophotometer and amplified using different primers OPR1 and OPR2. OPR1 showed four rice non-polymorphic genotypes, whereas OPR2 showed polymorphic amplified fragments in 2% agarose gel. Above described data phylogenic tree was constructed according to Nei's genetic distance using the free tree software program with help of tree view. Genetic variation of four rice varieties that ADT 38 and ASD 16 followed by IR 20 and PONNI has the highest genetic diversity determined by RAPD. Which are crossed resulting hybrid with maximum heterosis and better characteristic such as high yield is possible

Chemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Micropropagation and Field-Grown Plants of Wedelia biflora [L.]

An efficient regeneration protocol through axillary and inter nodal explants was developed from Wedelia biflora. Explants were placed on MS medium supplemented with different treatments of cytokinins, 6-benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin (KIN) for adventitious shoot production. The highest multiple shoots (95 %; 26.4 shoots/ explant) and elongation (2.75 cm shoot length), was obtained in 1.0 BA mg L -1 in axillary node explants. The shoot was transferred to half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L -1 IBA showed the best root formation (85 %; 22.2 roots/shoot; 2.65 cm root length; propagate leaf d.w 1.42 g L -1 and root d.w 1.10 g L -1 ) and plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the green house. The compositions of essential oils were studied in in vitro and in vivo leaf explants and to determine their absolute and relative concentrations using GC-MS and GC-FID, respectively. In vitro and in vivo variations in composition among the essential oils were detected. Sesquiterpene and monoterpene are major components in the oil of in vitro and in vivo leaves of W. biflora. Essential oil quantification showed α-pinene (44.03 %); verbenone (15.37 %); δ-cadinene (5.48 %) of in vivo leaves; whereas α-pinene (5.02 %); verbenone (1.40 %) and δ-cadinene (3.13 %) of in vitro leave respectively. The in vitro and in vivo essential oils were analyzed by bacterial and fungal organism through disc diffusion and minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) methods. The results were compared with reference drugs ciprofloxacin and nystatin respectively. In vitro developed plants exhibited higher sesquiterpene contents and antimicrobial activity than field grown plant