Tri-band Minkowski Island Patch Antenna with Complementary Split Ring Resonator at the Ground Plane

Abstract—The Minkoski Island patch antenna with complementary split ring resonator at the ground plane are proposed in this work. At the first stage, the normal square patch antennas mainly designed. Then, the Minkowski patch antenna was designed using 1st iteration technique and 2nd iteration technique. The Minkowski fractal shape slot was embedded in the center of the patch to form a Minkowski Island patch antenna. The next step is to apply the partial ground technique and embed the split ring resonator at the ground plane. This antenna was operating in tri-band frequency that is at 2.400 GHz, 3.500 GHz and 5.200 GHz with a return loss of - 11.868 dB, - 13.554 dB and – 18.112 dB respectively. The gain measured of this antenna is 1.286 dB, 1.410 dB and 3.945 dB. Keywords—Minkowski Island, split ring resonator, patch antenna, return loss, gai

The Effect of Conductor Line to Meander Line Antenna Design

In this paper, the meander line antenna has been designed to operate at 2.4-GHz for WLAN application. Two different designs of meander line antenna are investigated, without conductor line and with conductor line. The Microwave Office software is used for simulation design process. The antenna is fabricated on a doublesided FR-4 printed circuit board using an etching technique. The design has been tested with the Advantest Network Analyzer. The comparison between simulation and measurement results for the return loss and radiation patterns were presented. A bandwidth of 152MHz and return loss of -37.7dB were obtained at frequency 2.4GHz. The gain is comparable to microstrip yagi antenn

Unknown PD distinction in HVAC/HVDC by antenna-sensor with pulse sequence analysis

Ultra-high frequency (UHF) antenna-sensors are becoming popular for non-invasive detection of unwanted electric discharge i.e., partial discharge (PD) in high-voltage (HV) systems. Early PD signals are weak for detection and classification by UHF antenna-sensors. Early PD detection and distinction are crucial to prevent equipment failure. Typically, PD signals are distinguished in HVAC by phase resolved PD (PRPD) patterns. Whereas in HVDC, some unconventional methods are applied. However, a blind distinction of PDs under unknown HVAC/HVDC conditions still remains a challenge. In this article, we address this issue by using a lotus-shaped UHF antenna-sensor for early PD detection. Unlike cut-and-try technique-based conventionally designed bio-inspired antennas, our sensor is designed by a precisely derived equivalent circuit model to systematically optimize antenna gain over size to detect early PDs. The fabricated sensor has a size of 18×11 cm2, an average realized gain of 3.05 dBi in 740–1600 MHz frequencies, and a sensitivity index of 154.04 dBi/m2. The sensor prototype is applied to wirelessly distinguish PD signals from unknown sources under HVAC and HVDC by pulse sequence analysis. Early detection, characterization, and distinction of unknown PD signals are ensured by the proposed sensor and interpretation technique. This work offers a distinctive PD sensing method for HVAC/HVDC converter stations