Effects of administration of 10 nm or 50 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on blood profile, liver and kidney functions in male albino rats

This work aimed to investigate the effect of acute and chronic administration of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on liver and kidney functions, blood glucose concentration, lipid profile, and haematological parameters in male albino rats. Two experiments were conducted. In acute study: Fifty-four adult mature male rats were randomly assigned into three equal groups (18 per group). Group 1 (control group): in which rats were received intramuscular (i.m) injection of 1 ml normal saline 0.9%. Group 2 (50 nm GNPs group): rats were i.m. injected with a single dose of 75 µg 50 nm GNPs/kg body weight (bwt). In Group 3 (10 nm GNPs group): rats were i.m. injected with a single dose of 75 µg 10 nm GNPs/kg bwt. In chronic study: Eighteen adult male rats were randomly divided into three equal groups (6 per group). Group І (control): rats were intramuscular (i.m) repeatedly injected with 1 ml normal saline 0.9% once/week 5 for weeks. Group 2 (50 nm GNPs): rats were i.m. injected with once/week with a dose of 75 µg 50 nm GNPs/kg bwt) for 5 weeks. In Group 3 (10 nm GNPs): male rats were i.m. injected with once/week with a dose of 75 µg 50 nm GNPs/kg bwt for 5 weeks, followed by 3 weeks washout period for all groups. Blood was collected at 3, 7, and 60 days in acute experiment, while, they were collected only before and after 2 months in chronic experiment. Acute and chronic administration of GNPs (10 or 50 nm size) in male albino rats induced no significant alterations for liver and kidney functions, lipid profile parameters and different haematological parameters at days 3 and 60 of the study. However, on day-7 post-treatment, GNPs-treated rats showed significantly (P <0.05) higher serum ALT, AST, ALP, urea, creatinine, glucose, and different lipid profile and decreased HDL level. Chronic administration of 10 nm or 50 nm GNPs significantly (P <0.05) decreased serum glucose levels. In conclusion acute or chronic administration of 10 nm or 50 nm GNPs could alter the liver, kidney functions and blood profile on day 7 post-treatment, however, these values returned to the normal levels on day 60 post- injection. Also, the chronic administration of GNPs induced a hypoglycemic effect in male albino rats

Effects of administration of 10 nm or 50 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on blood profile, liver and kidney functions in male albino rats

486-493This work aimed to investigate the effect of acute and chronic administration of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on liver and kidney functions, blood glucose concentration, lipid profile, and haematological parameters in male albino rats. Two experiments were conducted. In acute study: Fifty-four adult mature male rats were randomly assigned into three equal groups  (18  per  group).   Group   1   (control   group):  in   which  rats   were  received   intramuscular   (i.m)   injection  of 1 ml normal saline 0.9%. Group 2 (50 nm GNPs group): rats were i.m. injected with a single dose of 75 µg 50 nm GNPs/kg body weight (bwt). In Group 3 (10 nm GNPs group): rats were i.m. injected with a single dose of 75 µg 10 nm GNPs/kg bwt. In chronic study: Eighteen adult male rats were randomly divided into three equal groups (6 per group). Group І (control): rats were intramuscular (i.m) repeatedly injected with 1 ml normal saline 0.9% once/week 5 for weeks. Group 2 (50 nm GNPs): rats were i.m. injected with once/week with a dose of 75 µg 50 nm GNPs/kg bwt) for 5 weeks. In Group 3 (10 nm GNPs): male rats were i.m. injected with once/week with a dose of 75 µg 50 nm GNPs/kg bwt for 5 weeks, followed by 3 weeks washout period for all groups. Blood was collected at 3, 7, and 60 days in acute experiment, while, they were collected only before and  after  2  months  in  chronic  experiment.  Acute  and  chronic  administration  of  GNPs  (10  or 50 nm size) in male albino rats induced no significant alterations for liver and kidney functions, lipid profile parameters and different haematological parameters at days 3 and 60 of the study. However, on day-7 post-treatment, GNPs-treated rats showed significantly (P P <0.05) decreased serum glucose levels. In conclusion acute or chronic administration of 10 nm or 50 nm GNPs could alter the liver, kidney functions and blood profile on day 7 post-treatment, however, these values returned to the normal levels on day 60 post- injection. Also, the chronic administration of GNPs induced a hypoglycemic effect in male albino rats

Effect of Salvadora persica (Miswak) leaves and stem aqueous extracts on ovarian folliculogenesis and uterine histology in female albino rats

This work was conducted to evaluate the antifertility activities of Salvadora persica (miswak) aqueous leaves and stem extracts  on female albino Wistar rats. Control animals received 0.5 ml of distilled water (Group 1); experimental animals received 0.5 ml of aqueous solution (1:1 w/v) of miswak leaves (Group2) or stem extract (Group 3) for 14 consecutive days. At the end of experiment, animals were weighed and vaginal smears were obtained from control and treated groups. Control and experimental animals were anesthetized then scarified, ovaries and uterus were dissected out, weighed and the number of corpora lutea and surface ovarian follicles were counted. Ovaries and uterus were fixed then processed for paraffin sections and stained with Hematoxylin-eosin. Histological changes in ovaries and uterus were determined. Results showed that administration of miswak leaves or stem aqueous extract is safe and have no side effects or mortalities, and it did not affect body weight of treated animals compared with control. However, administration of miswak leaves or stem aqueous extract significantly decrease (P&lt;0.05) ovarian weight in treated groups. Uterine weight also significantly decreased (P&lt;0.05) after administration of miswak leaves extract compared to control or stem extract groups. Moreover, number of surface ovarian follicles significantly decreased (P&lt;0.05) after exposure to extract of miswak leaves or stem. Number of corpora lutea did not vary between groups. Histological examination revealed that administration of miswak leaves extract caused a significant decrease in the epithelial cell height, myometrial and stromal thickness of uterus compared to stem extract or control group. The present study illustrated the antiovulatory and anti-uterotrophic effects of the aqueous extract of miswak leaves in female rats. This effect may be mediated through direct effect of the extract on the reproductive organs by disruption of ovarian folliculogenesis and inhibiting further development of the recruited ovarian follicles and/or by disruption of the hormonal balance in the hypothalamo-hypophysial ovarian and uterine axis. Miswak stem extract could affect follicular development but it did not affect the uterine structures

Effect of Salvadora persica (Miswak) leaves and stem aqueous extracts on ovarian folliculogenesis and uterine histology in female albino rats

This work was conducted to evaluate the antifertility activities of Salvadora persica (miswak) aqueous leaves and stem extracts  on female albino Wistar rats. Control animals received 0.5 ml of distilled water (Group 1); experimental animals received 0.5 ml of aqueous solution (1:1 w/v) of miswak leaves (Group2) or stem extract (Group 3) for 14 consecutive days. At the end of experiment, animals were weighed and vaginal smears were obtained from control and treated groups. Control and experimental animals were anesthetized then scarified, ovaries and uterus were dissected out, weighed and the number of corpora lutea and surface ovarian follicles were counted. Ovaries and uterus were fixed then processed for paraffin sections and stained with Hematoxylin-eosin. Histological changes in ovaries and uterus were determined. Results showed that administration of miswak leaves or stem aqueous extract is safe and have no side effects or mortalities, and it did not affect body weight of treated animals compared with control. However, administration of miswak leaves or stem aqueous extract significantly decrease (P&lt;0.05) ovarian weight in treated groups. Uterine weight also significantly decreased (P&lt;0.05) after administration of miswak leaves extract compared to control or stem extract groups. Moreover, number of surface ovarian follicles significantly decreased (P&lt;0.05) after exposure to extract of miswak leaves or stem. Number of corpora lutea did not vary between groups. Histological examination revealed that administration of miswak leaves extract caused a significant decrease in the epithelial cell height, myometrial and stromal thickness of uterus compared to stem extract or control group. The present study illustrated the antiovulatory and anti-uterotrophic effects of the aqueous extract of miswak leaves in female rats. This effect may be mediated through direct effect of the extract on the reproductive organs by disruption of ovarian folliculogenesis and inhibiting further development of the recruited ovarian follicles and/or by disruption of the hormonal balance in the hypothalamo-hypophysial ovarian and uterine axis. Miswak stem extract could affect follicular development but it did not affect the uterine structures

Intraovarian Injection of Reconstituted Lyophilized Growth-Promoting Factor Extracted from Horse Blood Platelets (L-GFequina) Increases Oocytes Recovery and In Vitro Embryo Production in Holstein Cows

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of intraovarian injections of a reconstituted lyophilized growth-promoting factor extracted from horse blood platelets (L-GFequina) on the number of ovarian follicles, the recovery of cumulus&ndash;oocyte complexes (COCs), and embryo development to the blastocyst stage in Holstein cows. Thus, 12 Holstein cows were assigned to three protocols. According to the number of punctured follicles in protocol 1, ovum pick-up (OPU) was conducted on days 6 and 14 of the cycle (day 0 = estrus). In protocol 2, every large follicle (more than 7 mm) was removed, and 1 mL of L-GFequina was intraovarian injected (day 0). Two days later, equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was administered, and OPU sessions were conducted on days 6, 10, and 14. The same ovarian stimulation procedure as that in protocol 2 was performed in protocol 3, except that equine L-GFequina was not supplied. OPU was carried out on days 6 and 10 of the cycle. The results indicate that the intraovarian injection of L-GFequina significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased the number of OPU sessions per cycle, the recovery of cumulus&ndash;oocyte complexes (COCs), and the production of blastocysts. In conclusion, an intraovarian injection of L-GFequina can improves OPU-IVEP results in Holstein cows

Lyophilized equine platelet-rich plasma (L-GFequina) antagonize the Reproductive toxicity and oxidative stress Induced by Cyclophosphamide in female rats

Abstract Background The antineoplastic agent Cyclophosphamide (CP) induces reproductive toxicity. New strategies for protecting ovarian tissue damage in women with chemotherapy-induced reproductive toxicity are essential. This study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effect of combined treatment with L-GFequina on CP-induced reproductive toxicity in the mature female rat. Methodology Forty mature female rats were assigned into four groups: First group, control: rats were intraperitoneally injected (IP) with 200 µl sterile saline solution on days 1 and 10; Group 2 (CP): were IP injected with 75 mg/kg on days 1 and 10 to induce POI); Group 3 (CP + L-GFequina): as in group 2 + IP injected with 200 µl rehydrated L-GFequina half-hour after CP injection on day 1 and 10); Group 4 (L-GFequina): rats were IP injected with 200 µl L-GFequina on day 1 and 10). Blood samples were collected for a complete blood picture and determinations of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde. Animals were sacrificed on Day-21, and genitalia was dissected, weighed, and fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological and morphometric evaluation. Results On day 21 of the experiment, body weight, ovarian parameters (Ovarian weight, uterine weight, the number of ovarian follicles, and corpora lutea (CL) were determined, and histopathological changes, blood profile, as well as antioxidant activity assessment, were performed. CP significantly suppresses ovarian and uterine functions and increased MAD, NO levels, RBCs, hemoglobin, WBCs, and platelet count compared to the control group ( P < 0.05). While, in CP + L-GFequina group, gross, histomorphometry parameters, blood, and biochemical markers were similar to that in the control. IP injection of L-GFequina alone significantly (P < 0.05) increased body weight, and ovarian and uterine morphometry compared with the control. Conclusion co-administration of L-GFequina with CP might protect the reproductive organs in rats through its high antioxidant capacity

Effect of oxygen tension and antioxidants on the developmental competence of buffalo oocytes cultured in vitro

Aim: Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the major disruptors of oocyte developmental competence, which appears due to the imbalance between the production and neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Materials and Methods: In Experiment 1, buffalo oocytes were in vitro matured, fertilized, and cultured at 38.5°C under 5% CO2 + 20% O2 in standard CO2 incubator (OS) or under 5% O2 + 5% CO2 + 90% N2 (Multi-gas incubator, low O2). In Experiment 2, buffalo cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) were matured in Basic maturation medium (BMM) composed of TCM199+ 10% FCS+ 10 μg/ml FSH+ 50 μg/ml gentamicin (control group) or in BMM supplemented with 50 μM ascorbic acid (ascorbic acid group) or 3.0 mM glutathione (glutathione group) or 10-5 M melatonin (melatonin group) and cultured at 38.5°C under 20% O2 for 24 h. Matured buffalo oocytes in control, ascorbic acid, or melatonin groups were fertilized and zygotes were cultured for 8 days under the same conditions. Results: In both experiments, maturation, cleavage, and blastocyst rates were recorded. Results showed that culture of buffalo oocytes under low O2 (5% O2) significantly increased maturation, cleavage, and blastocyst rates (p<0.05). Meanwhile, under 20% O2, addition of 10-5 M melatonin or 50 μM ascorbic acid to in vitro maturation (IVM) medium significantly improved cumulus cell expansion, nuclear maturation rates of buffalo oocytes (p<0.05), and increased cleavage and blastocyst rates (p<0.05). Conclusion: About 5% O2 is the optimum condition for in vitro production of buffalo embryos, and addition of 10-5 M melatonin to IVM medium for oocytes cultured under 20% O2 could alleviate the adverse effect of high oxygen tension and increased embryo yield