Democratic Development and the Role of Citizenship Education in Sub-Saharan African with a Case Focus on Zambia

In addressing issues related to problems of democratisation in Africa, this paper attempts to relate the issue to the need for citizenship education and the role that can play in social development. Citizenship should be central to the formation of viable civil societies that claim a tangible stake in national public spaces in post-Cold War Africa. These and related topics are discussed relative to new possibilities that could lead to the full realisation of the concept as well as the practice of enfranchised citizenship and inclusive social development in aspiring democracies in the Sub Saharan African context. The complexity of the development ‘problematique’ that Sub-Saharan Africa is facing is unique in that it is multi-dimensional, but above all else, politically located. It is, therefore, central to our discussions here that to correct the continent’s current schemes of underdevelopment, pragmatic schemes of governance must be achieved. To do that, we are suggesting, new possibilities of citizenship education should be formulated for the general African scene in general, and for democratising but still both institutionally and economically weakened Zambia

Strategi Dinas Sosial Dalam Penertiban Anak Jalanan Di Kota Makassar

The purpose of this study was to determine the Social Service Strategy in the Control of Street Children in Makassar City. The number of informants in this study was 9 people. This study used qualitative with a type of phenomenological research that emphasized the subjectivity of human life experiences. Data collection techniques used the method of observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis used interactive analysis models. The results showed that the Social Service Strategy in the Control of Street Children in Makassar City had not been fully implemented optimally. This was seen from the aspect of the organizational structure, especially the social service, it has worked well to always pay special attention to Street Children, the program strategy also provided guidance in stages to Street children who had been raided, the strategy of supporting resources that control Makassar Street Children was supported not only from social services but the involvement of local communities, and institutional strategies that the government's strategy in dealing with Makassar City Street Children collaborated with the police in dealing with street children which could be unsettling for road users. Keywords: Strategy, Ordering Street Childre

Learning Boolean Halfspaces with Small Weights from Membership Queries

We consider the problem of proper learning a Boolean Halfspace with integer weights $\{0,1,\ldots,t\}$ from membership queries only. The best known algorithm for this problem is an adaptive algorithm that asks $n^{O(t^5)}$ membership queries where the best lower bound for the number of membership queries is $n^t$ [Learning Threshold Functions with Small Weights Using Membership Queries. COLT 1999] In this paper we close this gap and give an adaptive proper learning algorithm with two rounds that asks $n^{O(t)}$ membership queries. We also give a non-adaptive proper learning algorithm that asks $n^{O(t^3)}$ membership queries