Seasonal effect on solar distillation in the El-Oued region of south-east Algeria

In the present purely experimental work, we tested a solar distiller with a simple slope in the region of El-Oued located in the south-east of Algeria, during the winter then the summer seasons at the same place. Dimensions of the studied device are (1000 x 500 mm), while the depth of the water to be distilled is 1 cm, the glazing thickness is 4 mm, and the tilt angle with respect to the horizontal is 10 °.The aim of this work is to compare distillation between winter (January) and summer (May) to show that weather factors such as solar radiation, ambient temperature and humidity are influential on the distiller productivity. The amount of distilled water in winter was about 119 ml per day. However, that in summer was 1127 ml per day in total, so it is an increase of more than 9 times the production of distilled water

Enhancing of CH3NH3SnI3 based solar cell efficiency by ETL engineering

Solar cells based on organic-inorganic perovskites (PVK) are the subject of several researches in laboratories around the world. One of the most promising hybrid perovskite is the methylammonium lead tri-iodide MAPbI3 that is suitable for sun light harvesting. But the MAPbI3 is a toxic material, so in this paper is proposed another nature friendly candidate which is the methylammonium tin tri-iodide MASnI3. The proposed material is inserted into an n-i-p heterojunction solar cell which structure is electron transport layer (ETL)/PVK/hole transport layer (HTL). The used HTL is the PEDOT: PSS in combination with one of two ETLs which are the PCBM and the IGZO. Simulation efforts using 1D SCAPS was carried. It is found that IGZO ETL based solar cell yields a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared with PCBM ETL based solar cell in the same thickness. 

Effect of Rubber Thickness on the Performance of Conventional Solar Stills under El Oued city climate (Algeria)

Our study focuses on examining the performance of conventional solar stills in an arid region, specifically investigating the impact of rubber material and its thickness on the distillation process. Four solar stills were tested, including a reference solar still (SSR) and three modified solar stills (MSS1, MSS2, and MSS3) with rubber thicknesses of 1 cm, 2 cm, and 3 cm, respectively. The experimental findings clearly demonstrate a notable difference in distilled water productivity between varying rubber thicknesses. The outputs of MSS1, MSS2, and MSS3 were measured at 1105 ml/day, 1010 ml/day, and 955 ml/day, respectively, all surpassing the output of SSR, which was recorded at 830 ml/day. These results indicate that the utilization of rubber with varying thicknesses positively impacts the productivity of the solar still, leading to higher distilled water yields compared to the reference configuratio

Comparative study of advanced techniques for the diagnosis of induction motors

This work is a comparative study between the various advanced technologies of diagnosis of induction motors published recently and to make a classification of these diagnostic techniques according to their sensitivities from experimental results of stator short-circuit faults between stator turns. By using the logarithmic FFT spectrum, we can discover the best method to detect faults in their early stages so that we can predict their faults and anticipate breakdowns that can be dangerous for people or the economy

Effect of heat flow via glazing on the productivity of a solar still

In many parts of the world, particularly in the Greater Maghreb, desalination of water by solar energy is practiced with incredible abundance. Drinking water shortage has become a major problem. Improving the efficiency of solar distillers in several laboratories around the world is still one of the major concerns of research topics. In this work we want to show that the heat flow through the glazing can also be considered as an index on the productivity of pure water from a conventional solar still

Induction machines diagnosis by the time's harmonics

The induction motor is currently becoming the key element of most industrial equipment. Despite these advantages, a certain number of constraints of very different natures can affect the lifetime of this machine, causing considerable economic losses. This work is the study experimental of defects for an asynchronous machine  (with and without defect). After having described the main defects that can occur on these. In this study,  we propose a method called induction machines diagnosis by the time's harmonics. This technique is based to study the influence of a defect of short-circuiting on the studied induction motor, we will find the rank of the harmonic of the most influenced by the number of the rank default. this study will find the diagnostic index of induction motor with stator default using the time harmonics. The results obtained show that the 3rd order time-harmonic is very sensitive compared to the other harmonics

Partial shading conditions for photovoltaic system using artificial neural networks technique

Partial shading condition in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is an inevitable problem due to the behavior of high nonlinear and unpredictable characteristics due to different shading states. However, several scientific works and research aimed to find approximate and expressive models of this nonlinear behavior using modern methods and techniques to allow researchers to find effective solutions to these critical situations. This paper aims to obtain the appropriate model for partial shading cases using artificial intelligence techniques through machine learning of neural network technology, based on experimental data of PV characteristics for different cases. This model allows for diagnosing the state of faults of Partial shading (PV) systems. Moreover, it allows the development of appropriate algorithms in order to maintain, perform, and prevent the complete shutdown of the systems. All results of the model photovoltaic partial shading characteristics for different situations based on the machine learning process confirm the effectiveness of the adopted technique after comparing it with the real data with a very acceptable margin of error

Study of a solar air conditioning system with ejector

Air conditioning is one of the indispensable conditions of well-being in human life, so the face of this research to provide this basic necessity in remote areas and in desert places far from power grids. To achieve this goal, solar air conditioning has been adopted, where the compressor was replaced by an ejector, a parabolic trough solar collector and a small pump; this means that the solar air conditioner does not need a huge amount of electrical energy to operate. This paper is studding the thermodynamic cycles of this air conditioner as a function of changing the climatic conditions of Bouzaréah region in Algeria under several practical conditions of heat exchangers (Condenser, Evaporator and Generator). This study will allow the determination of the optical and thermal efficiency of the solar collector used as a solar thermal generator, refrigeration subsystem performance (COPEje) and system thermal ratio of the air conditioner, where the cooling load is estimated at 18 kW

Effect of the Preheating Inlet Air on the G222 Fuel Combustion

In this paper, a numerical simulation is developed to study the preheating effect of the air in a three-dimensional cylindrical combustion chamber using the FLUENT-CFD code. Particularly, we are interested on the calculation of the characteristic parameters such as the axial velocity, the temperature and the mass fraction of carbon monoxide. This study consists of a special treatment of mathematical models. The considered approaches resolve the governing equations of system. The main objective of this work is to study the behavior of the parameters considered previously during the variation of the air inlet temperature. The obtained results show that the variation of the inlet temperature presents a direct effect on the considered parameters.

Construction and performance evaluation of a conventional solar distiller

The distillation of water has become a necessity to reduce the demand for drinking water and many of the poor regions in the world do not have the means to have this technique therefore they use solar distillation, which is a simple economic and environmental technique . This technique suffers from low productivity, which is why researchers are trying to improve solar stills. In this work we show the choice of prototype distillers and we also show the technique of the study followed by researchers in this field