10-Year Risk Estimation for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Heart Disease in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study

<div><p>Background</p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary heart disease (CHD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are major healthcare problems in Kuwait. The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of MetS, and to estimate the 10-year risk for developing T2DM and CHD among the general population in Kuwait.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was undertaken in 1800 individuals without diabetes or a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). They were selected from six governorates using two stage convenience sampling. The questionnaire was developed using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK), Framingham Risk Score [FRS] and the 2009 Joint Statement criteria for diagnosis of MetS as a framework. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used.</p><p>Results</p><p>The response rate was 89.4%. More than half (60.8%; 95% CI: 58.4–63.2) of responders were either overweight or obese. One hundred and ninety seven (12.2%) subjects had blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140/90 mm Hg. Almost three-in-ten (28.3%: 26.2–30.6) subjects had fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels ≥ 5.6 mmol/l, of whom 86.0% and 14.0% had impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and screen detected T2DM, respectively. MetS was present in 512 (31.8%; 29.5–34.2) respondents. Just under one third (n = 481; 29.9%; 27.7–32.2) of participants were at moderate, high, or very high risk of developing T2DM, while 283 (17.6%: 15.8–19.6) were at moderate/high 10-year risk of developing CHD. Approximately one-in-ten (8.5%; 7.2–9.9) subjects were at moderate/high/very high 10-year risk of developing both T2DM/CHD. T2DM risk was higher for females compared to males (p < 0.001); however, the pattern was reversed in terms of the risk of developing CHD or T2DM/CHD. The risk of developing T2DM, CHD, or T2DM/CHD was greater among those aged ≥ 45 years, and those having MetS (p<0.001).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The current findings highlight the need for multifaceted interventions for prevention.</p></div

Physical and biochemical laboratory data of the study subjects.

<p>Physical and biochemical laboratory data of the study subjects.</p

Doctor’s habit and the patient/doctor relationship (n = 680).

<p>Doctor’s habit and the patient/doctor relationship (n = 680).</p

Association between participants at moderate/high/very high risk to develop T2DM and/or CHD, and their characteristics.

<p>Association between participants at moderate/high/very high risk to develop T2DM and/or CHD, and their characteristics.</p

General characteristics and variables of FINDRISK and FRS of study subjects by gender (n = 1610).

<p>General characteristics and variables of FINDRISK and FRS of study subjects by gender (n = 1610).</p

Respondents’ Knowledge regarding Antibiotics (n = 680).

<p>Respondents’ Knowledge regarding Antibiotics (n = 680).</p

Association between participants who were found to have MetS and their characteristics (n = 512).

<p>Association between participants who were found to have MetS and their characteristics (n = 512).</p

General characteristics of the study subjects.

<p>General characteristics of the study subjects.</p

Respondents’ Attitudes towards Use of Antibiotics (n = 680).

<p>Respondents’ Attitudes towards Use of Antibiotics (n = 680).</p

Estimated risk of developing T2DM within 10-years in the study population per FINDRISK (n = 1610).

<p>Estimated risk of developing T2DM within 10-years in the study population per FINDRISK (n = 1610).</p