Design of a low-cost IoT-based biofloc water quality monitoring system

This paper proposes an IoT-based BFT water monitoring system that can measure water parameters such as pH, DO, TDS, and EC. The collected data is displayed remotely via the BLYNK cloud and Node-RED via an MQTT broker. Moreover, a mobile application monitors all water parameters in real-time, notifying users when a parameter exceeds the ideal value. This study suggests that the proposed system based on IoT is an excellent option for a cost-effective BFT system

Integration of Hybrid Networks, AI, Ultra Massive-MIMO, THz Frequency, and FBMC Modulation Toward 6G Requirements: A Review

The fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications have been deployed in many countries with the following features: wireless networks at 20 Gbps as peak data rate, a latency of 1-ms, reliability of 99.999%, maximum mobility of 500 km/h, a bandwidth of 1-GHz, and a capacity of 106 up to Mbps/m2. Nonetheless, the rapid growth of applications, such as extended/virtual reality (XR/VR), online gaming, telemedicine, cloud computing, smart cities, the Internet of Everything (IoE), and others, demand lower latency, higher data rates, ubiquitous coverage, and better reliability. These higher requirements are the main problems that have challenged 5G while concurrently encouraging researchers and practitioners to introduce viable solutions. In this review paper, the sixth-generation (6G) technology could solve the 5G limitations, achieve higher requirements, and support future applications. The integration of multiple access techniques, terahertz (THz), visible light communications (VLC), ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output ( $\mu {\mathrm{ m}}$ -MIMO), hybrid networks, cell-free massive MIMO, and artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) have been proposed for 6G. The main contributions of this paper are a comprehensive review of the 6G vision, KPIs (key performance indicators), and advanced potential technologies proposed with operation principles. Besides, this paper reviewed multiple access and modulation techniques, concentrating on Filter-Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) as a potential technology for 6G. This paper ends by discussing potential applications with challenges and lessons identified from prior studies to pave the path for future research