Nile perch fish nuggets: Partial replacement of fish flesh with sesame hulls and sunroot — Quality assessment and storage stability

This study aimed to produce Nile perch fish nuggets by replacing a part of fish flesh with different concentrations of sesame hulls and sunroot to reach the optimal recipe. Chemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of nuggets were evaluated during 3 months of frozen storage at –18 °C. According to the obtained data on the chemical composition of raw materials, Nile perch flesh had the highest content of protein (20.21%), sesame hulls contained the highest amount of fat (13.54%), fiber (17.24%) and ash (16.11%), while sunroot tubers had the highest amount of carbohydrates (15.76%). Based on the sensory score, the acceptable replacement ratio for fish nuggets prepared with sunroot (T1) and sesame hulls (T2) was 10% and 7.5%, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) analysis at zero time shows that the T1 samples had the minimum value compared to the T2 and control samples. During storage, the TBA levels increased slightly in all samples, but after three months T1 also showed the lowest value. The total plate count (TPC) and psychrophilic bacterial (PSY) count in the samples were affected by the period of frozen storage at –18 °C. The initial TPC and PSY loads were 2.32 and 2.02 log cfu/g for control; 2.24 and 1.72 log cfu/g for T1; 2.30 and 1.47 log cfu/g for T2, respectively. During storage, the values of TPC and Psy slightly decreased. In conclusion, this study succeeded in the replacement of Nile perch fish with sesame hulls and sunroot as new sources to improve the nutritional value and quality characteristics of fish nuggets.This study aimed to produce Nile perch fish nuggets by replacing a part of fish flesh with different concentrations of sesame hulls and sunroot to reach the optimal recipe. Chemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of nuggets were evaluated during 3 months of frozen storage at –18 °C. According to the obtained data on the chemical composition of raw materials, Nile perch flesh had the highest content of protein (20.21%), sesame hulls contained the highest amount of fat (13.54%), fiber (17.24%) and ash (16.11%), while sunroot tubers had the highest amount of carbohydrates (15.76%). Based on the sensory score, the acceptable replacement ratio for fish nuggets prepared with sunroot (T1) and sesame hulls (T2) was 10% and 7.5%, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) analysis at zero time shows that the T1 samples had the minimum value compared to the T2 and control samples. During storage, the TBA levels increased slightly in all samples, but after three months T1 also showed the lowest value. The total plate count (TPC) and psychrophilic bacterial (PSY) count in the samples were affected by the period of frozen storage at –18 °C. The initial TPC and PSY loads were 2.32 and 2.02 log cfu/g for control; 2.24 and 1.72 log cfu/g for T1; 2.30 and 1.47 log cfu/g for T2, respectively. During storage, the values of TPC and Psy slightly decreased. In conclusion, this study succeeded in the replacement of Nile perch fish with sesame hulls and sunroot as new sources to improve the nutritional value and quality characteristics of fish nuggets

2-Methyl-3-(2-methyl­phen­yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro­quinazolin-8-yl 4-methyl­benzoate

In the title quinazolin-4-one derivative, C24H20N2O3, both the 4-methyl­benzoate [dihedral angle = 83.90 (9)°] and 2-tolyl [87.88 (9)°] groups are almost orthogonal to the central fused ring system. These aryl groups are oriented towards the quinazolin-4-one-bound methyl group. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected into a three-dimensional architecture by C—H⋯O, C—H⋯π and π–π [ring centroid-to-centroid separation = 3.6458 (13) Å] inter­actions

2-Methyl-3-(2-methyl­phen­yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro­quinazolin-8-yl 4-bromo­benzene-1-sulfonate

The title mol­ecule, C22H17BrN2O4S, has a twisted U shape, the dihedral angle between the quinazolin-4-one and bromo­benzene ring systems being 46.25 (8)°. In order to avoid steric clashes with adjacent substituents on the quinazolin-4-one ring, the N-bound tolyl group occupies an orthogonal position [dihedral angle = 89.59 (8)°]. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected into a three-dimensional architecture by C—H⋯O inter­actions, with the ketone O atom accepting two such bonds and a sulfonate O atom one

2-Methyl-3-(2-methyl­phen­yl)-7-nitro­quinazolin-4(3H)-one

In the title methaqua­lone analogue, C16H13N3O3, the 2-tolyl group is almost orthogonal [dihedral angle = 85.20 (5)°] to the fused ring system (r.m.s. deviation of fitted non-H atoms = 0.029 Å). In the crystal, twofold symmetry generates two-mol­ecule aggregates linked by C—H⋯O and π–π inter­actions [ring centroid–centroid distance = 3.4967 (6) Å]

2-(4-Meth­oxy­phen­yl)-4-oxo-4-phenyl­butane­nitrile

The title mol­ecule, C17H15NO2, is twisted, the dihedral angle between the terminal benzene rings being 63.30 (6)°. In the crystal, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N inter­actions lead to supra­molecular layers in the ab plane. These are connected along the c axis via C—H⋯π inter­actions

Investigation of arenesulfonyl-2-imidazolidinones as potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University [RGP-VPP-163