Fabrication of multilayers electrodes and electrolyte via screen printing for metal supported solid oxide fuel cell

Metal-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (MS-SOFC) were produced using a manual screen-printing method on 430 stainless steel (SS430) substrates. Each of MS-SOFC sample was fabricated by using manual screen printing with two different mesh screens which are 305 and 355. The fabrication of NiO-GDC composite anode powder was done by mixing 60wt% NiO and 40wt% GDC. Meanwhile, 50wt% LSCF and 50wt% GDC was mixed to produce LSCF-GDC composite cathode powder. NiO�GDC, LSCF-GDC and GDC powders went through calcination in the furnace at 950℃ for 2 hours. MS-SOFC samples with a different number of repetitions during the screen-printing process were sintered at 900℃ for 90 minutes. In this study, the phase analysis was conducted via X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) method for commercial powder and composite powders. A good XRD pattern was obtained without the presence of any secondary peak in composite anode and cathode powder. The XRD data obtained were analysed to obtain the lattice structure and crystallise size for all the commercial and composite powder. 24.59 nm, 24.38 nm, 13.34 nm are the average crystallise size for NiO, GDC and LSCF, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to identify the thickness and distribution of elements on each MS-SOFC layer. As a result, the SOFC component layers fabricated by screen printed using 305-mesh screen at 10 times number of printings was selected as the ideal MS-SOFC sample. This is because the thickness of the layers obtained is lower compared to layers from mesh screens 305 and 355 at 15 and 20 times the number of printings which is 11.8 μm, 11.9 μm and 18.2 μm for anode, electrolyte and cathode, respectively. Thin electrode layer will produce low polarization resistance and can improve the SOFC performance itself

Effects of deposition time and counter-electrode size on the fabrication of lscf-sdc carbonate composite cathode for sofc

The electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process has shown great potential in the development of cathodes for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). This study thus aimed to determine the feasibility of the electrophoretic deposition technique in producing composite cathode films. Two parameters were investigated, namely, the effects of counter electrode size and those of deposition time on the thickness and quality of an LSCF-SDC carbonate cathode composite deposited onto an SDC carbonate substrate. The effects of the changed parameters were observed by applying constant suspension pH and voltage. Five different deposition times ranging from 10 to 30 min were selected. The counter electrode sizes used were 25 × 25 mm2 and 50 × 50 mm2 . Then, the cathode composite films were sintered at 600°C for 90 min. Microstructural characterization and film thickness measurement were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The 50 × 50 mm2 counter electrode was found to produce a cathode composite film with higher thickness. The effects of the selected parameters (deposition time and counter electrode size) were also determined by analyzing the weight and thickness of the obtained LSCF-SDC carbonate films. The results showed that for the selected time interval, a film thickness of 4.6 to 30.8 μm is generated. Further studies on fabricating LSCF-SDC carbonate cathode composites by electrophoretic deposition present promising potential given that the film thickness obtained agree well with those derived in previous studies on various types of cathode materials

The effect of sintering temperature on silica derived from rice husk ash - Nickel Oxide (SiO 2 -NiO) foam fabrication via slurry technique

Fabrication of ceramic foam has been an interesting study in the field of a porous material due to the excellent mechanical and physical properties. This study presents an approach for the fabrication of Silica (SiO2) derived from rice husk ash (RHA) and Nickel Oxide (NiO) foams using the slurry technique, highlighting the sintering temperature affects. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as binder and Polyurethane (PU) foam was applied as the space holder. The composition of SiO2 applied in this study was 20wt%. The PU foams dipped into SiO2-NiO slurry were dried and further sintered at three different sintering temperatures of 1050˚C, 1150˚C and 1250˚C. The morphologies of SiO2-NiO foams were observed by using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and physical properties were determined by using Archimedes method for investigating the total porosity and bulk density. The identification of phases of SiO2-NiO foams were analysed by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The XRD analyses indicated that there were only SiO2 and NiO present and no additional phases detected after sintering which implied the compatibility of SiO2 derived from RHA and NiO even temperatures up to 1250˚C. The density values of the SiO2-NiO foams were found to increase with increasing of sintering temperature. The densities were found to be in the range 0.5239g/cm³ to 0.6210g/cm3 and the percentage of the foams porosity were in the range of 69.71% to 75.19% .Thus it is concluded that the slurry technique is found to be successful to fabricate the SiO2 as derived from RHA and NiO foams. The sintering temperatures was found to affect the SiO2-NiO foams in turns of the density and porosity of the foam

The Influence of Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) Parameters on SS430 Spinel Coated Characteristic

The interconnect that is applied with protective coating which is (MnCO)3O4 spinel coated stainless steel is crucial to enhance solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) performance. In this research, commercial manganese cobalt (MnCO)3O4 is used by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method as a protective layer on ferritic stainless steel. Elemental energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was examined for the spinel coated interconnect (MnCO)3O4. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) examines the surface morphology and coating thickness. The EPD (MnCO)3O4 spinel coated interconnect is carried out with 30V to 50V with duration of coating from 20s in an aqueous suspension. The best covering parameter can be determined by observing the deposition morphology and density of the EPD at 40V and 45V for 20s. This article examines the impact of voltage deposition. The objectives of these study is to obtain the best parameter for the interconnect coating while experimenting with the voltage. 78.8μm with even and thick surface coating is the maximum deposition thickness achieved. Voltage deposition can therefore be concluded to affect the efficiency of the electrical conductivity of steel

Fabrication of high-quality electrode films for solid oxide fuel cell by screen printing: A review on important processing parameters

Summary Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is known as the most efficient fuel cell, with an efficiency of 60% in converting fuel to electricity and up to 80% in fuel to energy conversion (including heat). A SOFC consists of three primary components, namely, anode, electrolyte and cathode. Given the demand for reducing the operating temperature below 800 C, not only thin electrolytes have become a necessity for their ability to reduce ohmic losses but also high-quality porous electrode (anode and cathode) films for their ability to accelerate electrochemical reactions with fuels. In this context, screen printing is known for its capability to form high-quality porous electrode films in a cost-effective manner. In addition, screen printing offers fabrication-related parameters that can be easily manipulated to produce different film qualities depending on the requirements which have been explored in various applications. However, screen printing is only utilised in SOFC application as a fabrication tool to produce electrode films, neglecting the effects of its fabrication-related parameters on electrode performance, as indicated by the limited number of related works. Despite limited resources, this study aims to review the fabrication-related parameters in producing SOFC electrodes through screen printing and their effects on electrochemical performance. The parameters at different stages (ie, prior, during and post printing), including ink formation, printing numbers and sintering, are extensively reviewed. To the best of our knowledge, this study is not only the first review that discusses the effects of screen-printing fabrication-related parameters on electrode potentials but also offers suggestions on future directions regarding these parameters towards the improvement of SOFC performance. Novelty Statement Among all thin-film fabrication methods, screen printing is known for its capability to form homogenous-porous SOFC electrode films; however, the processing parameters of screen printing at three primary stages (prior, during, and postprinting) are rarely explored. As such, the current paper highlights important parameters in screen printing, such as ink rheology, printing number, and sintering, to contribute to the understanding of the influence of these parameters on SOFC electrode film quality and their effects on electrochemical performance

Electrophoretic deposited LSCF-SDCC-Ag cathode coating on ferritic stainless steel interconnect for SOFC

The application of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique in development of composite cathode as a coating layer on ferritic stainless steel (FSS) interconnect for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has acquired a great interest. The aim of this study is to determine the capability of EPD technique in producing composite cathode coating. The lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF)-samarium doped ceria carbonate (SDCC) composite cathode powder with silver (Ag) addition was fabricated adopting the EPD technique. LSCF-SDCC-Ag suspension was prepared by using organic-aqueous solvent for the deposition. The coated FSS substrate was first heat treated at 600°C for 90 minutes in air. The deposition was carried out at different applied voltages (5, 7 and 10 volt) and deposition durations (5-20 minutes). The increment of applied voltage and deposition duration was found to contribute to the increment of LSCF-SDCC-Ag deposited weight. The highest deposited weight and thickness of coating was 2.47 mg/cm² and 62.73 µm respectively attained by deposition of 10 volt for 20 minutes. According to the obtained results, deposition at 10 volt within 5 to 20 minutes has shown a better deposition. It is thus clear that EPD is indeed a feasible technique applicable for the development of composite cathode for SOFC interconnects and yielded better coating thicknesses of LSCF-SDCC-Ag on FSS interconnect for SOFC

Pengaruh agen kimia berbeza terhadap penguraian terma dan pembentukan fasa bahan La0.6Sr0.4CoO3- δ yang disediakan melalui kaedah Sol-Gel

Sifat penguraian terma dan pembentukan fasa bahan lantanum strontium kobalt oksida, La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ (LSC) yang disediakan melalui kaedah sol-gel berbantu agen kimia berbeza, iaitu agen serakan, agen pempolimeran dan agen permukaan aktif atau surfaktan telah dicirikan secara sistematik masing-masing melalui analisis termogravimetrik (TG) dan pembelauan sinar-X (XRD). Penguraian terma bahan organik dan bahan bukan organik yang tidak diperlukan dalam serbuk pelopor bahan LSC telah lengkap pada suhu kurang daripada 1000 °C bagi serbuk pelopor yang disediakan dengan menggunakan agen serakan dan agen pempolimeran, dan suhu melebihi 1000 °C bagi serbuk pelopor yang disediakan dengan menggunakan surfaktan. Sifat penguraian terma ini dipengaruhi oleh suhu pengeringan serbuk pelopor tersebut dan berat molekul agen kimia. Pembentukan fasa tunggal perovskit LSC telah disahkan dalam serbuk pelopor yang disediakan dengan menggunakan agen serakan, iaitu karbon teraktif dan agen pempolimeran, iaitu etilena glikol selepas serbuk pelopor tersebut dikalsin pada suhu 900 °C. Sebaliknya, fasa tunggal perovskit LSC tidak terbentuk secara lengkap dalam serbuk pelopor yang disediakan dengan menggunakan surfaktan (polietilena glikol, Triton-X-100, Brij-97 dan Tween-80) walaupun selepas serbuk pelopor tersebut telah dikalsin pada suhu yang lebih tinggi iaitu 1100 °C. Kepekatan surfaktan, nisbah molar surfaktan kepada logam kation dan nilai pH larutan bahan pelopor yang tidak sesuai telah menyumbang kepada keputusan tersebut

Study of material characterization of samarium doped ceria-rice husk ash silica (SDC-RHASiO2)

Additional of metal oxide such as copper oxide, lithium oxide and iron oxide into ceria-based electrolyte had been commercialized to improve the performance of the ceria based material in microstructure modification. In this study, the effect of samarium doped ceria with the addition of rice husk ash silica on its characterization is described. Samarium doped ceria (SDC) with addition of 1.0 wt.% of rice husk ash silica (RHASiO2) was prepared by ball milling method. The SDC-RHASiO2 composite pellets were produced by uniaxial press and were sintered at 700°C. Material characterizations of SDC-RHASiO2 sample were identifying by X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystalline structures, porosity test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface morphology and microstructures. Based on XRD result obtained, it has been found that the result for SDC-RHASiO2 powder only showed the face-centered cubic lattice structure of (Sm.20Ce.80O1.90) without additional impurity phases. SEM micrographs indicated that the porosity percentage decreases when the RHASiO2 was added into SDC. This mixed material is believed could improve the structure as well as the performance of undoped SD

Removal of As(III) and As(V) from water using green, silica-based ceramic hollow fibre membranes via direct contact membrane distillation

Arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] removal by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) using novel hydrophobic green, silica-based ceramic hollow fibre membranes derived from agricultural rice husk was investigated in this work. The green ceramic hollow fibre membranes were prepared from amorphous (ASHFM) and crystalline (CSHFM) silica-based rice husk ash and modified to be hydrophobic via immersion fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) grafting of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane. Superhydrophobic contact angle values up to 157° and 161° were obtained for ASHFM and CSHFM, respectively. Remarkably, the membrane surface morphology mimicked a look-alike lotus-leaf structure with decrement in pore size after grafting via the silane agent for both membranes. The effect of arsenic pH (3–11), arsenic concentration (1–1000 ppm) and feed temperature (50–80 °C) were studied and it was found that feed temperature had a significant effect on the permeate flux. The hydrophobic CSHFM, with a flux of 50.4 kg m−2 h−1 for As(III) and 51.3 kg m−2 h−1 for As(V), was found to be the best of the tested membranes. In fact, this membrane can reject arsenic to the maximum contaminant level (MCL) limit of 10 ppb under any conditions, and no swelling mechanism of the membranes was observed after testing for 4 hours

The Physical Characterisation of Coating via Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) with Voltage and Duration Variables for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application - A Review

This review covers the basics of electrophoretic deposition techniques and its effect on the physical characterisation for solid oxide fuel cell application. On top of that, the characterisation of coating often affected by the variation of voltage. The higher the voltage, the more deposition weight obtained. The duration of deposition also crucial as it can influence the thickness of the coating layer.  The thickness and morphology of the coating layer were determined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For its weight deposited, there were several techniques has been applied