A Novel Algorithmic Approach using Little Theorem of Fermat For Generating Primes and Poulet Numbers in Order

Computer encryption are based mostly on primes, which are also vital for communications. The aim of this paper is to present a new explicit strategy for creating all primes and Poulet numbers in order up to a certain number by using the Fermats little theorem. For this purpose, we construct a set C of odd composite numbers and transform Fermats little theorem from primality test of a number to a generating set Q of odd primes and Poulet numbers. The set Q is sieved to separate the odd primes and the Poulet numbers. By this method, we can obtain all primes and Poulet numbers in order up to a certain number. Also, we obtain a closed form expression which precisely gives the number of primes up to a specific number. The pseudo-code of the proposed method is presented

Cadmium resisting bacteria in Alexandria Eastern Harbor (Egypt) and optimization of cadmium bioaccumulation by Vibrio harveyi

Cadmium resisting bacteria (CRB) were present in all water and sediments (samples) collected from Alexandria Eastern Harbor, Egypt. The occurrences of CRB in sediments samples were higher than in water samples and reached up to 77.22% of total counts. Five isolates were selected to be the most resistant to cadmium with minimal inhibitory concentration of 60 ppm. The most potent isolate that accumulates a maximum Cd2+ concentration of 23.3 mg Cd2+/ g dry cells was identified as Vibrio harveyi. Medium components affecting metal removal by V. harveyi were explored based on the application of Plackett-Burman design. The growth of V. harveyi in the optimized culture conditions, recorded cadmium biosorption of 1.52 fold increase. Immobilized living cells of V. harveyi on hazelnut shells increased the uptake of cadmium to 49.35 mg Cd2+/g dry cells and removal efficiency up to 84%. Transmission electron microscope study confirmed the accumulation of Cd2+ by V. harveyi cells.Key words: Cadmium resisting bacteria, Vibrio harveyi, bioaccumulation, Plackett-Burman design

Alkaline protease production by alkaliphilic marine bacteria isolated from Marsa-Matrouh (Egypt) with special emphasis on Bacillus cereus purified protease

Among the eighteen (18) alkaliphilic marine bacterial isolates studied in ten sampling sites in Marsa-Matrouh beaches, the highest alkaliphilic and proteolytic activities were detected in Bacillus cereus. Alkaline protease from B. cereus was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G-200. The molecular mass determined using SDS-PAGE, was nearly 31.0 39 kDa. Some fundamental properties like effects of different temperatures, pH, metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Pb3+, Mn2+ and Cd2+) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on protease activity were also studied. Maximum activities were obtained at pH 10, 50°C and only Cu2+ ions enhanced the relative enzyme activity up to 112%. The application of alkaline protease for the removal of blood stains from cotton cloth indicates its potential use in detergent formulations. B. cereus protease showed excellent stability in the presence of locally available detergents and retained about 60% of its activity with most of them even after 3 h of incubation at temperature of 50°C.Key words: Protease producing bacteria, detergents, Bacillus cereus, purification, enzyme stability and activity

Optimization, economization and characterization of cellulase produced by marine Streptomyces ruber

Cellulase is a very important enzyme due to its great industrial applications. Six marine strains of actinomycetes were screened for their carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) productivity. Streptomyces ruber was chosen to be the best producing strain. The highest enzyme production (25.6 U/ml) was detected at pH 6 and 40°C after 7 days of incubation. Plackett-Burman design was applied to optimize the different culture conditions affecting enzyme production. Results showed that a high concentration of KH2PO4, and a low concentration of MgSO4 had a significant effect on enzyme production. Rice straw was used as a low cost source of cellulose. It was found that 30 g/l rice straw was the suitable concentration for maximum enzyme production. Partial purification of cellulase enzyme using an anionexchange chromatography resulted in the detection of two different types of CMCases, type I and II, with specific activity of 4239.697 and 846.752 U/mg, respectively. Moreover, estimation of their molecular weight revealed 27.0 kDa for cellulase type I and 24.0 kDa for cellulase type II. It could be concluded that S. ruber is a powerful cellulase producer strain under our tested experimental conditions.Key words: Cellulase production, Streptomyces ruber, Plackett-Burman design, rice straw, enzyme characterization

Bioremediation of acid fast red dye by Streptomyces globosus under static and shake conditions

Two different azo dyes known as acid fast red (AFR) and Congo red (CR) were examined for their decolorization by five strains of actinomycetes (Streptomyces globosus, Streptomyces alanosinicus, Streptomyces ruber, Streptomyces gancidicus, and Nocardiopsis aegyptia) under shake and static conditions. Streptomyces globosus decolorized AFR by 81.6% under static condition while 70.2% dye removal was achieved under shake conditions. Application of Plackett-Burman statistical design revealed that the main factors that affected biosorption capacity were the starch concentration and the inoculum size. Under static conditions, increasing the inoculum size and decreasing starch concentration increased the biosorption % up to 1.14 fold with time reduction, while increasing both the inoculum size and starch concentration under shake conditions increased the biosorption % up to 1.09 fold only. A trial for the use of potato peel for more economic biomass production of S. globous was carried out and (2 g/50 ml) and dried potato peel had the optimum concentration for maximum biomass production (0.3 g/50 ml) which led to considerable biosorption capacity (89.4%). Electron microscopy studies confirmed the dye removal.Key words: Azo dyes, Biosorption, Streptomyces globosus, Plackett-Burman design

Distribution and Characterization of Actinomycetes in Mangrove Habitats (Red Sea, Egypt) with Special Emphasis on Streptomyces mutabilis M3MT483919

Ten sediment samples were gathered from several geographical locations around mangrove habitat, Red Sea coast, Egypt, during summer 2019. Actinobacteria are widespread in most mangrove soil samples. The average actinomycetes counts in sediment samples were ranged from 4 to 15 CFUg-1, also physico-chemical characters for soil samples were determined. Statistical analysis was applied to assess if the geographical location and physico-chemical characters influenced the communities of actinomycetes. A total of 10 actinomycetes were isolated and characterized physiologically and biochemically. The antimicrobial activities of different actinomycetes isolates were assessed. Isolate M3 was chosen as the most promising isolate with broad antagonistic activity against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 19404, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 with inhibition zones ranged from 12.0 ± 0.9 to 20.0 ± 1.9 mm. Genotypic characterization of isolate M3 was made using 16S rDNA sequence analysis and identified as Streptomyces mutabilis M3 with accession number MT483919. This strain exhibited anticancer activity against breast cancer cell line (Mcf7), liver cancer cell line (HepG2) and colon cancer cell line (HCT116) and the IC50 values were 324.77, 333.71 and 354.46, respectively. Streptomyces mutabilis M3 MT483919 had high bio-flocculating activity for seawater treatment, and the recovery of the samples ranged between 71.97 and 76.05%. The crude extract of Streptomyces mutabilis MT483919 M3 was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)