Etika Reportase dalam Islam

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pentingnya etika dalam pelaksanaan pelaporan berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip Islam. Perilaku etis dalam pelaporan memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga integritas dan akurasi informasi yang disebarluaskan kepada publik. Dalam konteks Islam, nilai-nilai moral dan etika yang ditanamkan dalam ajaran agama berperan penting dalam membimbing tindakan jurnalis. Artikel ini menguraikan prinsip-prinsip inti yang harus dipatuhi oleh jurnalis Muslim ketika melakukan tugas pelaporan, seperti kejujuran, kebijaksanaan, melakukan penelitian dan pengecekan fakta, menahan diri dari pencemaran nama baik, dan menghindari prasangka atau praduga tidak bersalah. Artikel tersebut lebih menekankan penerapan konsep etika Islam seperti keadilan, kejujuran, dan rasa tanggung jawab dalam praktik jurnalistik. Melalui pendekatan dan analisis berbasis literatur dalam kerangka Islam, artikel ini memberikan panduan praktis bagi jurnalis untuk menjalankan tanggung jawabnya dengan integritas dan rasa tanggung jawab yang tinggi, selaras dengan prinsip etika Islam. Oleh karena itu, artikel tersebut menggarisbawahi pentingnya perilaku etis dalam pemberitaan sebagai elemen fundamental dalam menegakkan kualitas dan kredibilitas jurnalisme yang dipandu oleh nilai-nilai Islam

Preliminary study on pelletization of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB)/spent activated carbon (AC): Effect of mixing and adhesive ratio

Non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels could be combusted for energy and electricity to human kind. The demand of fossil fuel energy had reached an exponential growth which caused disasters and catastrophic damages on the environment; thus, renewable resources should be implemented to protect the environment. One of the natural resources was biomass waste. In this study, spent activated carbon (AC) was co-pelletized with biomass waste, oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB). The effect of EFB, AC and adhesive (tapioca) mixing ratio in the pellet was evaluate through physical and thermal properties. The raw materials were grinded and mixed together at different AC/EFB/tapioca ratio. The mixed raw materials were compressed at 130°C and 7 MPa for 10 minutes. The densified products were characterized by using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). For the thermal characteristics, sample with 0% waste AC, 90% EFB and 10% starch had the highest mass loss rate (570 µg/min) followed by sample with 10% of waste AC, 60% of EFB and 30% of starch which was 420 µg/min. Besides, sample with 0% waste AC, 90% EFB and 10% had the highest burn out temperature (802.6 °C) followed by sample with 30% of waste AC, 60% of EFB and 10% of starch which was 792.85 °C. In conclusion, sample with 0% waste AC, 90% EFB and 10% starch had an easiest ignition and longest combustion period since it had the highest mass loss rate and burn out temperature

CeO2-TiO2 for Photoreduction Of CO2 To Methanol Under Visible Light: Effect Of Ceria Loading

A visible light-driven photocatalyst, CeO2-TiO2 catalyst with different ceria loading was synthesized by impregnation method between TiO2 powder and cerium oxide nanoparticles slurry. The prepared catalyst samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analysis, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The band gap of CeO2-TiO2 catalyst was found to be 2.15–2.4 eV. The band gap reduction clearly indicated the successful loading of CeO2 on TiO2. The photocatalytic activity was determined by measuring the photoreduction of CO2 to methanol in aqueous solution under visible light. The effect of cerium loading in the range of 1 to 5 wt% on the photocatalytic activity was studied and 2 wt% CeO2-TiO2 was found to exhibit the maximum photoactivity of 18.6 μmo l/g.catalyst after 6 hours irradiation. Results showed that the prepared photocatalyst is visible light active and may be used as effective catalyst in photoreduction of CO2 to methanol

Solubility of carbamazapine-saccharin (cbz-sac) co-crystals in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution

Co-crystals as well as pharmaceutical co-crystals indicates crystalline molecular complexes of two or more neutral molecules which allows two or more crystal components to bind in a single crystalline lattice without making new covalent bonds or breaking them. Co-crystals play a critical role in the pharmaceutical industries as it can be used to improve the properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) such as stability, dissolution rate, solubility and mechanical properties. There are several factors that affect the properties of APIs especially solubility as most of the drugs in pharmaceutical industries being consumed by human that need to be made with highly soluble. In this study, the effect of ratio of solvent (ethanol/water) was studied on carbamazepine (CBZ), saccharin (SAC), and carbamazepine-saccharin (CBZ-SAC) co-crystal solubility in polymer solution (polyvinylpyrrolidone-PVP). CBZ-SAC co-crystals were crystallized using cooling co-crystallization techniques and mixed based on selected molar ratio of 1:1 and based on stoichiometric coefficient of the theoretical co-crystals structure. The co-crystals produced were characterized using X-Ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Polymer solution was prepared by dissolving PVP different ratios of ethanol/water. It was found that as ratio of ethanol/water solvent decreased, the solubility of CBZ, SAC and CBZ-SAC co-crystals increased. Thus, the ratio of the solvent used (ethanol/water) does affect the solubility trends of the CBZ, SAC, and CBZ-SAC co-crystals in PVP solution

Intensified DES mediated ultrasound extraction of tannic acid from onion peel

Ultrasound–assisted extraction using deep eutectic solvent (DES) was performed to extract tannic acid from onion peel. Notably, DES is an excellent extraction agent, which yielded 641.16 ± 0.01 μg/g of tannic acid compared to the extraction using a conventional solvent (368.99 ± 0.02 μg/g). Subsequently, the research was conducted based on several exploited parameters and achieved the highest extraction yield (1705.79 ± 0.01 μg/g) at the DES ratio of 1:1 (mass ratio of choline chloride to urea), solid to solvent ratio of 1:10 and duty cycle of 10%. The onion sample exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than standard ascorbic acid, which was expressed in the lower values of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 7.70 ± 1.12 and 10.14 ± 0.11 mg/ml, respectively. Moreover, the Fick's model successfully forecasted that diffusivity is the controlling factor in the extraction of tannic acid via the DES mediated ultrasound–assisted extraction method

Stirring Speed Effect On Carbamazepine Saccharin (CBZ-SAC) Co-Crystal Crystallization Process

A research was conducted to investigate the stirring speed effect on carbamazepine-saccharin co-crystal crystallization. Co-crystals had shown a significant increase as the co-crystal form has a much better property than pure API over the years of its development. The method of screening used for this study is the cooling crystallization method. Nyvlt’s equation involving the maximum temperature difference between the dissolution and crystallization temperature of CBZ-SAC co-crystals with their respective cooling/heating rate was applied for the study of nucleation kinetics. The stirring speeds under study were 200, 250 and 300 rpm along with carbamazepine concentration of 17.96 mg/ml. The heating and cooling rates used were 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8˚C/min respectively. The analysis methods used to characterize the solid state co-crystal were Differential Screening Calorimeter (DSC), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The PXRD analysis has revealed that the product crystal obtained from screening was a co-crystal. From the DSC analysis, the melting point of CBZ-SAC co-crystal was found at 177˚C. The functional groups found in the CBZ-SAC co-crystal formed were hydrogen bond heteromeric associated between CBZ and SAC, assessed using FTIR. The results revealed that as the speed is increased, the meta-stable zone width (MSZW) was found be increased at the speed of 250 rpm but decreased after the speed went up to 300 rpm. The nucleation order and mass nucleation rate constant shows the opposite pattern where it decreased when the stirring speed used increased from 200 rpm to 250 rpm and increased at the speed of 300 rpm. Future studies is recommendable that the stirring speed study should be carried on at the speed of 260 to 290 rpm to investigate the point where the changes occurs

Removal of sulphide using phytoremediation process

Rapid development in social and economic area has created a serious environment contamination of soil and groundwater. The discharge of toxic material and contaminant has increased significantly during the last few years. Hence, a cost-effective and environment friendly alternative method such as phytoremediation process is fulfilling those characteristics. In this study, the semi-batch phytoremediation process, consist of adding a similar total amount of sulphide content to the Scirpus grossus plants over a seven-day period of time was investigated. Throughout the experiment, the plants growth was observed physically to identify the ability of the plant to survive and resist the sulphide contaminant. The sulphide concentration for each sample was analysed and the percentage of the withered plants was calculated. The results revealed that the percentage of the withered leaves increase throughout the semi-batch process. It was found that the percentage of sulphide removal reaches up to 70%. The finding suggested that the phytoremediation using Scirpus grossus plants is possible to be used for sulphide remova

Preliminary study of sulphide removal using ion exchange resin

The paper presents the investigation of sulphide removal via ion exchange resin. Sulphidic spent caustic (SSC) is a dark brown to black effluent generated from petrochemical and oil refinery industries. Typically, SSC has a pH of 13-14, and sulphide concentration of 0.5-4.0wt%. The large amount of sulphide content in SSC leads to its toxic property, obnoxious odor and hazardous nature. This will threaten health and safety of workers, and may pollute the environment. The SSC may not be discharged to wastewater treatment facilities untreated as the high sulphide content will cause corrosion in the pipes especially in aqueous condition. In fact, the Malaysia Department of Environment has limited the acceptable sulphide discharge in industrial effluent at 0.5 mg/L as stated in the Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluent) Regulation 2009. Hence, it is desirable to remove sulphide in the SSC. This research focused on the removal of sulphide from synthetic SSC via strongly basic anion exchange resin. A synthetic SSC was simulated to represent the SSC. The static method was applied, where the synthetic SSC was allowed to stay in a column of resin for several retentions time. The synthetic SSC was characterised for its sulphide content, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and pH before and after the treatment in order to analyse the effect of ion exchange resin treatment. The resin was also characterised for its moisture retention, exchange capacity, and pore size. The treatment was able to remove about 95.8% of the sulphide and the COD was reduced by 94.5%

Responsible Mining Towards The Sustainable and Mineral Resource Development: Education Perspective

Responsible mining will initiate the sustainable and responsible mining and mineral resources development in which it is a principle that integrates the economic, social and ecological consideration to enhance the life of current and future generation will have adequate resources and opportunities. This outcome can be achieved if the mining sector adopt and apply the industry’s good practices, knowledge and resources on the sustainable development at all stages of mining including during exploration until the mine closing. This sustainable and responsible mining needs ethical and skilled professionals entering the work force in the mining industry so that the concept can be taken seriously. Thus, these professionals need to be qualified and being trained as early as in their degree education and can be continued to further at higher level of degree. Universities with collaboration of industries can compromise this through knowledge sharing in terms fundamental (concept), research and trainings

Kinetics and Nucleation Mechanism of Carbamazepine–Saccharin Co-Crystals in Ethanol Solution

This study aimed to investigate the metastable zone width (MSZW) and the nucleation order of carbamazepine–saccharin (CBZ–SAC) co-crystals via slow cooling crystallisation, to obtain the kinetic value using Kashchiev–Borissova–Hammond–Roberts (KBHR) technique and to deduce the induction time, the radius of the critical nucleus and the interfacial energy of the CBZ–SAC co-crystals via fast cooling. Slow cooling experiments with cooling/heating rates of 0.8, 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2 °C min−1 were applied to determine the crystallisation and the dissolution temperature of CBZ–SAC co-crystals at SAC:CBZ ratios of (3.5, 3.0, 2.5, 2.0 and 1.0) and CBZ concentrations of 19.14, 17.96, 17.06 and 15.83 mg mL−1. Then, fast cooling experiments were run at CBZ concentration of 17.96 mg mL−1 and SAC:CBZ mole ratio of 2.0. Nucleation kinetics, such as MSZW, nucleation order, nucleation kinetic constant and interfacial energy, was determined and analysed. KBHR method was applied to analyse the kinetics value and compared with isothermal method. The nucleation orders obtained from slow cooling method were in between 1.65 and 4.9, which were within the range for nucleation of organic compounds. The results of KBHR method in determining the kinetic values of CBZ–SAC co-crystals were similar to those of the isothermal method