Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) applications in medical: non-invasive and invasive leukemia screening

Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been applied as analytical tool in numerous field of study due to its ability in non-invasive application. NIRS with the ability in providing the information on biological molecules shows a high potential as a diagnosis tool in medical as diseased related to biochemistry changes of the cell and tissue. This paper reviewed the application of NIR spectroscopy in leukemia screening and in other medical application. General comparison between invasive and non-invasive NIR spectroscopy method is provided. The author also proposed a new non-invasive NIRS method in leukemia screening and compared it with the previous invasive NIRS method

Glucose detection in blood using near-infrared spectroscopy: significant wavelength for glucose detection

World Health Organization (WHO) stated in 2004, about 347 million people suffered from diabetes and from this statistic, about 3.4 million died from the complication of kidney failure, heart attack, body part amputation and adequately reported suffered from blindness. There are several non-invasive techniques in measuring the blood glucose level developed nowadays and among the popular technique is the near-infrared (NIR) measurement, ultrasonic sensor implementation, multisensory systems, absorbance of transmittance, bio-impedance, voltage intensity, and thermography. Among these techniques, there are several approaches that displayed a lot of potential, nonetheless some of them have produced unsatisfying results. The NIR technique has been applied in some of previous research, however the wavelength used vary for different researcher. There are several points of views on the significant wavelength range that contains suitable information regarding the peaks of glucose in blood. This paper is focusing on the experimental data collection using the near-infrared spectroscopy technique. This paper furthermore discussing on determine the significant peaks of glucose that is suitable to be used as the indicator of the glucose in blood. The highest significant peaks of blood glucose detected from the range around 1450nm and 1930nm

Bending analysis on circular polarization array textile antenna

This paper presents the performances of circular polarization (CP) array textile antenna in different bending condition. The antenna composed four circular patches in array formation where the patches composes a cross slot at the centre of the patch. In flat condition, a good bandwidth (2.06 GHz – 2.49 GHz), axial ratio (2.38 GHz – 2.62 GHz) with realized gain of 3.09 dB is presented and compared with other bending condition to suits with application of rectenna for energy harvesting system and antenna for monitoring system

Image Reconstruction Validation for CMOS Linear Image Sensor Based Tomography System

Nowadays, the fast-moving industries need a low cost, accurate, low power consumption, non-invasive and safe method for monitoring and tracking of the conveying and manufacturing process. There is many tomography based systems available in the industry, however, with limitations. This project aims to solve industrial problems of monitoring objects inside a transparent conveying pipe and determine the characteristic of the objects such as size, quantity and position. This is done through the image reconstruction of data acquired from Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) linear image sensor based on optical tomography system. Data from four projections of laser are used to avoid the aliasing problem that may occur due to fewer projections. The image can be reconstructed by using linear back projection technique. The image will undergo image processing to enhance the image for better visualization of the object. Theoretical and experimental image are compared to validate the image reconstruction. As a result, the position, size and number of a symmetrical and solid object can be determined accurately from the reconstructed image. For further improvement, the number of projection may be increased

Effect of PrekotAc on pressure drop and particle penetration in filtration system

The effect of a filter aids known as PrekotAC on pressure drop and particle penetration in a filtration system with varying filtration velocity of 1 to 5 m/min was evaluated in this study. The PrekotAC is a combination of PrekotTM and activated carbon mixed in different weight composition. The result showed that the pressure drop across the fabric media decreases with the addition of PrekotTM in the PrekotAC admixture due to its wide range of non-uniform particle size ditribution that gives higher porosity of filter cake during filtration process. The study also showed that the total particle penetration through the fabric media was proportionally related to addition of PrekotTM in the PrekotAC admixture under a constant material loading. The study suggests that the addition of PrekotTM in the formulation of filter aids significantly affect both pressure drop and penetration of the fabric filter media

Performance of prekotac filter aids in pilot plant fabric filtration system

Filter aids is used in air filtration system to fulfil the needs to expand the life span of filter media in fabric filtration system. It has been applied in various ways and precoat filter aids is one of the methods. In this study, the effect of a filter aids performance known as PrekotAC on pressure drop and particle penetration in a filtration system with varying filtration velocity of 1 to 3 m/min was evaluated. The PrekotAC is a combination of PrekotTM and activated carbon mixed in different weight compositions. Result showed that the pressure drop across the fabric media decreases with the addition of PrekotTM in the PrekotAC admixture due to its wide range of non-uniform particle size distribution that gives higher porosity of filter cake during filtration process. The study also showed that the total particle penetration through the fabric media was proportionally related to addition of PrekotTM in the PrekotAC admixture under a constant material loading. The study suggests that the addition of PrekotTM in the formulation of filter aids significantly affect both pressure drop and particle penetration of the fabric filter media

Penetration of particle across a newly formulated filter aids material

Filter aids is a group of inert materials acting as a ‘barrier’ for protection as well as to allow a uniform air flow passing through a filter cake in a filtration process. In addition, the accumulation of the filter cake deposited on the surface of the filter media helps to increase the performance of filtration. However, some particles do not participate in the formation of the filter cake during cake filtration process. The particles either penetrating through the filter media or clog and block the pores of the filter medium. A high performance filtration requires low dust penetration without excessive pressure drop builds up across the filter media. This paper evaluates on the filtration performance of a newly formulated filter aids material known as PrekotAC which consists of different combination of pre-coating material PrekotTM and activated carbon at material loadings of 0.2 mg/mm² under different air flow rates of 4, 5, and 6 L/min. The PrekotAC was evaluated based on the total particle penetration across its filter cake as a mean of measuring its performance. The study showed that the total particle penetration through the filter media is highly influenced by the air flow rates. It was found that the total particle penetration through PrekotAC10:90 (weight basis of PrekotTM:activated carbon) was the lowest while the highest in the case of PrekotAC 40:60 of the four PrekotAC admixtures. In addition, the total particles penetrating through the filter media was the highest for the highest tested air flow rates of 6 L/min

Performance of a newly formulated filter aids material on particle penetration

A study on the penetration of particle across a newly formulated filter aids material known as PrekotAC (combination of an adsorbent, activated carbon and pre-coating material, PreKot™) on PTFE filter media was carried out in a laboratory scale filtration test system. PrekotAC was evaluated based on the total penetrated particles across its filter cake under constant material loading of 0.2 mg/mm² and three different air flow rates of 4, 5 and 6 L/min. The ratio of total penetrated particles with and without the introduction of filter aids was observed and results showed that PrekotAC is capable to increase the collection efficiencies of ambient air particles compared to the performance of PTFE filter media alone. It was also found that PrekotAC has a better particle collection efficiencies compared to its original raw material activated carbon alone with PrekotAC 10:90 gives the lowest particle penetration among other combination of PrekotAC materials

Prekotac as a new filter aids material for fabric filter in air filtration system

Fabric filter has a short life span due to wear and tear influenced by the operating conditions of the system. Treatment of fabric filter using pre-coating material is one of the simplest technique to overcome this problem where it works as a filtration aids that will coat a layer of inert material onto the surface of the fabric. Pre-coating acts as a barrier to block and remove undesired particles from gas stream but allowing a uniform air flow passing through the filter media. The morphology of dust cake that accumulated on the surface of the filter media depends on several properties of the particles such as shape and size. Hence, study presents the characterization of a newly formulated filtration aids known as PrekotAC consisting of a different combination of pre-coating material PreKot™ and activated carbon. The aim is to determine the best combination of PrekotAC admixtures as a filtration aids suitable for a fabric filtration system. Various characteristics of the formulated admixtures such as its particle size distribution, bulk density, moisture content as well as its morphology were investigated and presented in this paper

Investigation of Minkowski Patch Antenna with Meander Line Split Ring Resonator (ML-SRR) Structure

Abstract—The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of the meander line split ring resonator on the modified Minkowski patch antenna. In this work, a modified Minkowski patch antenna with meander line split ring resonator (ML-SRR)and quadruple-P shaped split ring resonator (QPS-SRR)structure is presented. This proposed modified patch antenna with SRRs structures achieved remarkable 2.644 dB of gain at the frequency of 2.402 GHz compared to the normal Minkowski antenna without SRR structures with only 2.348 dB. This antenna had been simulated in the CST Microwave Studio simulation software