Potential use of oil palm decanter cake (OPDC) as reinforcement for polymer composite / Nur Fitrah Aqilah Abd Pahmy

Malaysia the second largest country of world's palm oil demand. In addition to the crude palm oil, the palm oil industry also produce huge amount of waste material such as oil palm frond (OPF), oil palm trunk (OPT), palm oil mill effluent (POME), mesocarp fibre (MF), palm kernel shell (PKS), empty fruit bunch (EFB) and oil palm decanter cake (OPDC). For the decanter cake, the amount use of this waste material is to produce composite, fertilizer and also animal feed. However, the aim of this research was to determine the potential of decanter cake as the reinforcement of the polymer composite that called as a natural polymer composite to produce environmentally friendly products. Natural polymer composite is the combination of natural fibers and plastic. For this research, the oil in oil palm decanter cake has been removed first by using of chemicals hexane through a soxhlet extraction process. PRISM TSE-16 machine and hot press machine was applied for combining the oil palm decanter cake of cake and plastic. To know the potential of oil palm decanter cake as a stiffness polymer composite, polymer composite product that have been produced was test by the physical properties and mechanical properties which is flexural test, tensile test, IZOD impact resistance test and water absorption test

The Effects of MAPP and OPDC on Physical and Mechanical Properties of OPDC-RPC / Muhammad Aqif Adam...[et al.]

Oil palm decanter cake reinforced with polypropylene composite (OPDC-RPC) was developed by varying the percentages of oil palm decanter cake (OPDC) and maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP). By adding MAPP, the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact strength) had improved and the optimum mechanical strength was obtained at 30% OPDC due to strong internal bonding of OPDC and polymer. This evidence was captured using SEM where OPDC had a better bonding with MAPP. Water absorption test also confirmed the nature of hydrophilic properties of OPDC. To reduce the water absorption, MAPP was added and able to reduce the void inside OPDC-RPC material, hence reduced water penetration and water absorption rate