Detection of Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence supports the notion that the onset of tumorigenesis could occur through cancer stem cells (CSCs). These tumour cells show low proliferative rates, high self-renewal capacity, propensity to differentiate into active proliferating tumour cells & resistance to chemoradiotherapy thus, possibly causing local recurrences & metastasis formation. CD44 has been used as a marker to isolate CSCs from colorectal carcinoma (CRC).AIM: To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of cancer stem cells marker (CD44) in CRC and correlate its expression with the clinicopathological aspects, TNM staging and modified Dukes’ classification.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumour biopsies from colectomy specimens of 60 patients with CRC were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological evaluation then immunostained with monoclonal antibodies against CD44 which was detected in term of negative or positive expression.RESULTS: CD44 was demonstrated in 58.3% (35/60) of cases and showed statistically significant correlation with tumour site and histological type (p-value < 0.05). However, CD44 showed statistically insignificant inverse correlation with tumour invasiveness (T), lymph node status (N), grade, TNM stage grouping and modified Dukes’ classification, while it was directly correlated with distant metastasis (M) (p-value > 0.05). Chi-square /Fisher exact test proportion independence and the p-value are set significant at 0.05 level.CONCLUSION: the CD44 rate of expression is higher in the colon than rectum and in adenocarcinoma than mucinous and undifferentiated carcinoma. CD44 showed statistically insignificant relation with T, N, M, grade, TNM stage grouping and modified Dukes’ classification

Nitrate detoxification using antioxidants and probiotics in the water for rabbits

Abstract Background: Agricultural practices increase groundwater pollution from nitrate. High nitrate intake could negatively affect animal growth. Objective: To determine the effects of different levels of nitrate in drinking water on digestive, liver, and kidney functions, and on water and feed intake, and to determine the ability of vitamin C, vitamin E + selenium (Se) or probiotics to overcome the effects of nitrate in New Zealand White rabbit bucks. Methods: Forty-two male rabbits were randomly distributed into six treatment groups: 1) control group (with no nitrate); 2) 350 ppm nitrate; 3) 700 ppm nitrate; 4) 700 ppm + 200 ppm vitamin C; 5) 700 ppm + 200 ppm vitamin E + Se; and 6) 700 ppm + 1000 ppm probiotic. Productive performance, digestive, liver, and kidney functions, and hepatic and renal histology were evaluated. Results: Water intake was reduced (p<0.05) by the 350 ppm nitrate treatment. Rabbits given 700 ppm nitrate showed lower (p<0.05) dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, and increased (p<0.05) water and nitrate intake, as well as urea concentration, and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. Vitamin C, vitamin E + Se and probiotics improved (p<0.05) feed intake and nutrient digestibility, and reduced (p<0.05) water and nitrate intake, urea concentration, and AST and ALT activities. Conclusion: Rabbits may tolerate up to 350 ppm of nitrate, but 700 ppm of nitrate negatively affect digestive, liver, and kidney functions, which are improved by vitamin C, vitamin E + Se and probiotic supplementation

Future topics of common interest for EU and Egypt in food quality, safety and traceability

International audienceThe objective of the project was to organise an expert committee between Egypt and European Union partners with the aim of producing a document which duly justified proposals for food safety hazard resolution in Egypt. This paper presents the results of the discussion of the expert committee on 'Food safety and traceability'. The meeting was organised at the University of Mansoura in Egypt from 15th to 17th February 2014. It enables an increase in the quality, quantity, profile and impact of bi-regional science and technology cooperation between Egypt and members of the European Union in the field of food safety and traceability