DETECTING THE EXTERNAL DEFECTS OF POTATO TUBERS USING A VISIBLE LASER

ABSTRACTPotato (Solanum tuberosum, L.) is considered as a source of the national income in Egypt, since the potato crop is exported abroad because it's high quality specifications. The aim of this study is to: Find out the potential of using the optical properties as a nondestructive quality assessment for detecting surface defects of Spunta potato tubers using a low-power Helium-Neon laser. The obtained results were as following: The percentage of reflection intensity of sound tubers (7.48%) was the highest. While, the reflection percentage of superficial shatter bruise (0.83%) was the lowest. The reflection intensity percentages of He-Ne laser light from sound and defective tubers were arranged as follow: Sound (7.48%) >, Internal black spot (4.33%) >, Greening (2.53%) >, Cuts (1.83%) >, Growth cracks (1.64%) >, Shrinkage (1.54%) >, Deep shatter bruise (1.33%) >, Rots (1.32%) >, Pressure bruise (1.09%) >, Skinning (1.07%) >, Insect damage (0.87%) >, Superficial shatter bruise (0.83%). For quality evaluation processes it was concluded that: when the percentage of reflection intensity is less than 1%, (Ref.%< 1%) then the defects may be considered superficial shatter bruise or insect damage, otherwise, when the percentage of reflection intensity greater than or equal 1% and less than 2%, (1% ≤ Ref.%< 2 %) then the defects may be considered skinning, pressure bruise, rots, deep shatter bruise, shrinkage, growth cracks or cuts, if the percentage is ranged between (2.5:4.5%) then the defects may be belonging to greening defect or internal black spot. The percentage of reflection greater than 7% the surface may be considered as sound tubers. It was concluded that the reflected laser light could be used as an indicator for the defective surface defects of potato tubers, so sorting and separating processes can be conducted according to the optical properties

Ipsilateral Retrograde Balloon Angioplasty of Flush Lesions of Superficial Femoral Artery Occlusion

Background: For almost 50 years, endovascular treatment has been used to treat chronic limb ischemia. The retrograde contralateral "crossover," antegrade ipsilateral, or retrograde popliteal techniques may be used to treat superficial femoral artery occlusions. There were early drawbacks to the retrograde technique, thus it was used as an emergency alternative. Objective: This study aimed to investigate efficacy and safety of ipsilateral retrograde balloon angioplasty for flush lesions of superficial arterial blockage. Patients and methods: This prospective cohort study was carried out at Sayed Galal Hospital and Al-Hussein Hospital through the period from August 2018 to August 2021. This study included 50 individuals with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Interventional study was conducted on flush lesions of superficial femoral artery occlusion. Results: A significant difference between patients who achieved patency and who did not achieve patency )regarding BMI, dyslipidemia, cardiac diseases and postoperative ABI). Conclusion: Retrograde balloon angioplasty of flush lesions is a reliable procedure for superficial femoral artery occlusion handling with relatively low rate of complications

Predictions and Computational Analysis of Novel Chromosomal Type II Toxin Antitoxin Systems in the Human Oral Microbiome

The importance of the human oral microbiome is progressively receiving considerable attention in recent research, serving as a model niche for studying microevolution. The impact of horizontal gene transfer by mobile genetic elements in such environment is the driving force for the mosaic nature of the oral microbiome. However, there is a missing link between the molecular systems interactions responsible for the plasticity of the genomes and the adaptations of the oral microbiome to physiological and pathological changes. The mobile chromosomal type II Toxin Antitoxin Systems (TASs). are known for their effective role in dynamic environment adaptation and stress response. In this study, we predicted and analyzed the genetic diversity and evolution of type II TAS in the oral microbiome of an Egyptian, presumably healthy, individual. 16S rRNA sequencing (submitted to GenBank). showed taxonomic analysis and microbial diversity and species abundance in three samples of supragingival plaque, subgingival plaque and buccal mucosa. Two hundred and seventy-eight type II TAS were identified from sequenced chromosomal genomes of the oral microbiome by means of exhaustive sequence and 3D structure homology, Hidden Markov Modelling and manual domain analysis. Gene family assignment were proposed since majority of the genes were previously annotated as hypothetical proteins. TAS network of the oral microbiome showed highly interconnected centralities which entails the extensive cross talk and intra-regulatory nature. Molecular ecology analysis of the type II TAS using diversity indexes confirms both diversity and relative abundance of these systems in the oral microbiome. Molecular evolutionary phylogenetic maximum likelihood analysis of the type II TAS, using modified Whelan And Goldman (WAG) as best fit evolution model, was performed for the predicted toxin antitoxin systems. Further analysis revealed evidence for the persistence of the toxin antitoxin systems throughout the oral microbiome. Molecular allometric analysis confirms uneven persistent distribution of the type II TAS. This comprehensive study of new chromosomal type II toxin antitoxin systems found in the oral microbiome provides insights on plasticity of the human oral microbiome and its adaptation to change in the host environment

Physical properties measurements of okra fruits using image processing to predict of visual maturity index

Okra is a vegetable widely grown in the tropics, sub-tropics and warmer areas of the temperate zones. Fruitquality plays an important role in marketability and it is mainly related to the characteristic pod length and diameter. Thiswork was intended to classify okra pods, according to their length and diameter by determining, the measure and image dimensions,to compare accuracy image measuring of dimensions, in order to quality attributes and to know harvest maturity index. The investigation on various main dimensions using to measure methods (Line and rectangle) by image processing  of okra pods revealed the following. The length, diameter, weight, volume, and density ranged from (2.63 to 5.50 cm), (1.43 to 2.11 cm), (2.12 to 9.72 g), (4.24 to 19.24 cm3) and (0.17 to 0.66 g/cm3), respectively of okra pods The relationship between the measure and image of the diameter of okra pods has a high correlation (R² = 0.9117). So, it can establish the standards for grades of Egyptian okra, according to image processing of the diameter of okra pods. Therefore, the standard grading according to image diameter as follows: The “very small” group includes okra pods less than 1.22 cm (<1.22 cm) in diameter; the “small”  group includes okra pods not less than 1.22 cm or more than 1.77 cm (1.22 to 1.77 cm); the “medium” class includes okra pods more than 1.77 cm and not ore than 2.52 cm (1.77 to 2.52 cm) in diameter; and the “large” group includes okra pods more than 2.52 cm (> 2.52 cm). The relationship between the measure and image of the length of okra pods has a high correlation (R² = 0.9783). So, it can establish the standards for grades of Egyptian okra, according to image processing of the length of okra pods. Therefore, the standard grading according to image length as follows: The “very small” group includes okra pods less than 2.42 cm (<2.42 cm) in length; the “small”  group includes okra pods not less than 2.42 cm or more than 4.08 cm (2.42 to 4.08 cm); the “medium” class includes okra pods more than 4.08 cm and not more than 6.10 cm (4.08 cm to 6.10 cm) in length; and the “large” group includes okra pods more than 6.10 (> 6.10 cm). The relationship between the measure and image of the L/D ratio of okra pods has a high correlation (R² = 0.9678).  So, it can establish the standards for grades of Egyptian okra, according to image processing of the L/D ratio of okra pods. Therefore, the standard grading according to image processing as follows: the “very small” group includes okra pods less than 1.98 (<1.98) in L/D ratio; the “small”  group includes okra pods not less than 1.98 or more than 2.28 (1.98 to 2.28); the “medium” class includes okra pods more than 2.28 and not ore than 2.55 (2.28 to 2.55) in length; and the “large” group includes okra pods more than 2.55 (> 2.55). ·    The difference percentage between color values, which measuried by line and rectangle pixel methods. The minimum values were of 9.09, 7.22 and 6.67 %, and for maximum values  were about 1.69, 2.94, and 6.67 %, and for average values were 6.89, 5.24 and 6.79 % for Red (R) and Green (G) and Blue (B) values, respectively. Therefore, According to measure of color and size of okra fruits, the measurements considering visual means as aMaturity index of okra fruits

Effect of Gamma Irradiation and Coating with Jojoba Oil on Quality of Strawberry Fruits

The aim of the present study was effects of gamma radiation and Jojoba oil coating on treatment of sound and decay strawberry fruits. And also, on quality parameters of strawberry fruits which were total soluble solids, firmness and ascorbic acid of strawberry fruits during cold storage. Strawberry fruits are exposed to a gamma source at different doses ranging from 1.0 to 2.5 kGy., and coating by different concentration of Jojoba oil from 1.0 to 4%. The obtained results were summarized as following:Different concentrations of Jojoba oil (1, 2 and 4%) were used to control decay of strawberry fruits caused by Botrytis cinerea, at 13°C at different storage periods.  Jojoba oil coating (4%) significantly reduced the decay of strawberry fruits and cause increasing in fruit firmness, but TSS was decreased by increasing in storage time. Meanwhile,  vitamin C give fluctuated results by increasing storage time.For gamma irradiation at 2.5 kGy, severity percentage of infected fruits was reduced from 57.5, 100 and 100% to 30.2, 42.3 and 48.0%, respectively and in healthy fruits severity percentage was reduced from 45.2, 100 and 100% to 21.5, 24.7 and 27.8% in different storage periods 1, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively.For combination of gamma irradiation (2.5 kGy) and Jojoba oil (4%) were more effective in reducing severity percentage of strawberry fruits, since severity percentage reduced in infected fruits from 57.5, 100 and 100 to 7.8, 20.1 and 25.0%.  Healthy fruits severity percentage were reduced from 44.4, 100 and 100% to 3.5, 9.1 and 19.9% in different storage periods, respectively

Effect of Gamma Radiation and Laser Exposure on Color Properties of Sesame Oil during Storage

The aim of the present study was measured of the color properties as Hue degree, Saturation value, and Brightness value (HSB). Three samples of Sesame oil was exposure by laser) diod laser with wavelength 450 nm) with three times (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 hour) and three samples of sesame oil were irradiated by Gamma Rays with three dosses 2, 4, 8 kGy) and one sample without any treatment (control). The processing of an image starts with the transfer of the image to the PC, where the image analysis process is applied. After that, it is performed the segmentation to watermark determine if each pixel belongs to bottom, skin or color.  The parameters obtained from each Sesame oil sample (in each image are the pixel number of lighter oil (Stage 1), of darker or sesame oil profile (Stage 2). Taking image of each Sesame oil samples, a total number of 6 parameters can be obtained. Color properties {Hue, Saturation and brightness (HSB)}, color component {Red, Green and Blue (RGB)} of sesame oil. The obtained results were showed that by increasing Gamma radiation doses and exposure time of Laser, Hue Degree was increased, that mean the color of sesame oil may be improved to be less quality. While, Hue Degree was decreased by increasing storage period. Also, by increasing Gamma radiation doses and exposure time of Laser, the value of saturation was decreasing, that means that the color of sesame oil may be improved to be high quality. Meanwhile, the value of saturation was decreased by increasing storage period. As well as, by increasing Gamma radiation doses, exposure time of Laser and by increasing storage period the value of brightness was decreasing. &nbsp

Effect of Laser Exposure Time and Rhizobium on Germination of Clover Seeds

This investigation of sub-clover germination responses to different combinations of Laser or/and Rhizobium under laboratory conditions. To study the effect of irradiation seeds by laser radiation and seeds incubation by Rhizobium combination with laser exposed times 5, 10, and 15 minutes compared in untreated seeds on the germination parameters of clover seeds. Seed germination was monitored every 8 hours for the first 4 days, then inspected every 24 hours for 15 days. Obtained results showed that using treated seeds by a combination of laser exposed times and Rhizobium gave higher germination parameters than seeds treated by the laser exposed time. By using Laser excised times or/and Rhizobium,  the results indicated that the germination parameters of seed cover were decreased for seed irradiation with Laser radiation of 5, 10 and 15 minutes, respectively, compared with untreated samples (Control). While, the higher values were when using laser exposed time of 5 minutes or/rhizobium, but, the lowest values were noticed when using laser exposed time of 15 minutes or/and Rhizobium, because of less than untreated seeds (Control)

The role of vectors in the development of national mural designs as an input to promote The spirit of the Egyptian national identity and the values of belonging within the framework of the cultural and creative industries

The research deals with the impact of vectors in the development of the stages of modern mural designs at the level of the design, implementation and production processes, where it can be emphasized the practical benefit expected from such models in the design process, which ensures the quality of the design, the abundance of production and the possibility of its implementation with various materials, and within the framework of the integrative design relationship Document with architecture both aesthetically and functionally; In addition to creating modern materials and means that are consistent with the architectural needs and the purposes for which they were created, the role of the wall designer appears in enriching the aesthetic aspect of this architecture, investing all the data and employing technology, and expressing the contemporary culture to become a means of mass communication. The importance of this aspect appears especially in the recent times in light of the increasing developmental and knowledge role of the creative and cultural industries at the global level, and it means the cultural works directed to the masses, which are produced by the method of mass production, which is one of the concepts closely related to modernization and the era of the industrial revolution, and the state’s strategy has been given For sustainable development (Egypt Vision 2030), there is a clear interest in these industries as a source of strength for the economy, making them a basis for Egypt’s soft power regionally and internationally.The research in this context designs and analyzes a number of digital murals that display the stories of a group of heroes and national symbols who influenced the history of the Egyptian military, and wrote the highest meanings of honor and heroism. Hence, the necessity of underlining these championships and presenting them to the public, so that these martyrs heroes are immortal in the conscience, and their history is engraved in the memory of the Egyptians, and their heroisms are inherited by generations, and a source of pride and pride.Keywords: (vector designs - mural design - creative and cultural industries - Egyptian national identity

Microstructural analysis for Sn-Bi-Sb-In alloy prepared by rapid solidification

In the present study, Sn70-X at.% -Bi15 at.% -Sb15 at.%- Inx at.% alloy ( x= 0, 2, 4, 6), were prepared by melt spinning technique. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Vickers microhardness (Hv); were used to characterize the phase transformation and the microstructure evolution. The results contribute to the understanding of the microstructure evolution in alloys of the type prepared by melt spinning technique. This work reports on a comparative study of the rapidly solidified, in order to compare the microhardness and microstructural analysis

Metallographic study of Sn-Bi-Sb-In alloy prepared by rapid solidification

Sn70-X at.% -Bi15 at.% -Sb15 at.%- Inx at.%  alloy ribbons were produced using melt-spinning technique. The surfaces were characterized with Optical Microscopy. Also, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). The results contribute to the understanding of the microstructure evolution in alloys of this type prepared by melt spinning technique. Microscopy can give information concerning a materials composition, previous treatment and properties. Particular features of interest are grain size, phases present, Chemical homogeneity, distribution of phases and, elongated structures formed by melt spinning technique