Optimization of medium and cultivation conditions for D-lactic acid production using cassva starch

In this research, seven standard strains of lactic acid bacteria will be screened at first to evaluate their capability to produce D-lactic acid. Selected for investigation based on their D-lactic acid production capability with three media (MRS, RAM, BASAL).The results indicated that, all strains could produce lactic acid but at different yields. These isolates provided the concentration of lactic acid ranging from1.24-2.51, 0.44-3.24-0.49-2.10[g/l] and total acidity expressed ranging from 0.53-1.28, 0.61-1.97 and 0.69-1.58% in the three medium respectively. The maximum D-lactic acid 4.44[g/L] was obtained at 48hours fermentation with an initial cassava starch concentration. Therefore, 10 [g/L] of cassava starch concentration was chosen to be used as the inexpensive carbon source in RAM medium for D-lactic acid production by the isolate (Lactobacillus delbruekii).For nitrogen sources effect of different nitrogen sources on D-lactic acid production was investigated during this study (Lactobacillus delbruekii) was cultivated with 4-5 [g/L] yeast extract, Peptone. Yeast extract showed the higher D- lactic acid production followed by Peptone from 4.30 [g/L], 4.22 [g/L] respectively. For Dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) source. The maximum yield was 4.75[g/L] of D-lactic acid was produced. The process optimization will be started by optimization of medium composition using un-optimized medium and optimized medium, followed by complete growth kinetics studies in shake flask level. Result showed The D-lactic acid produced was in un-optimized medium and optimized medium 3.25[g/L], 5.47[g/L] respectively. Shake flask level scaled up in 16-L bioreactor for the production of D- lactic acid by using two strategy cultivations, with controlled pH and without controlled pH. The final results after 48 hours cultivation as follows, 9.12[g/L], 14.25[g/L] respectively, for the production of D- lactic acid

Succinic acid Production Strategy: Raw material, Organisms and Recent Applications in pharmaceutical and Food: Critical Review

Succinic acid is an essential base ingredient for manufacturing various industrial chemicals. Succinic acid has been acknowledged as one of the most significant bio based building block chemicals. Rapid demand for succinic acid has been noticed in the last 10 years. The production methods and mechanisms developed. Hence, these techniques and operations need to be revised. Recently, an omnibus rule for developing succinic acid is to find renewable carbohydrate Feedstocks. The sustainability of the resource is crucial to disintegrate the massive use of petroleum based-production. Accordingly, systematically reviewing the latest findings of bacterial production and related fermentation methods is critical. Therefore, this paper aims to study the latest research and assess the findings statistically comprehensively. The current review attempt is a step toward comprehending all the conditions surrounding succinic acid production from raw materials, microorganisms, and fermentation methods

Attenuation of acute systemic inflammatory response after valve surgery

Objective: This study highlights the protective effects of montelukast on myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury induced by cardiopulmonarybypass during valve replacement surgery.Methods: A total of 60 patients with valvular disease undergoing elective valve surgery were enrolled in this randomized single-blinded study.Participants were divided into two main groups: Montelukast-treated group consisted of 30 patients who were given 10 mg montelukast sodium(Singulair®, MSD, USA) tablet, once daily at bedtime for 3 days before valve surgery. Control group consisted of 30 patients who underwent valvesurgery without taking montelukast tablets. Blood samples were collected at following times (T0; T1 before aortic cross clamp; T2 after aortic crossclamp; and T3 24 h after the surgery), for measuring several inflammatory markers. Ejection fraction (EF) was measured before surgery and threemonths after surgery. Pulmonary functions were measured before and after the surgery in both study groups.Results: There were significant increase in the levels of TNF-a, IL-6, a2 macroglobulin/creatinine ratio and CTnI, in the control groupcompared to the montelukast-treated group among different study times, (P Conclusion: This study shows the benefits of using pre-surgical montelukast supplement in ameliorating the inflammatory process inpatients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass during valve replacement surgery

Study the role of oxidative stress in helicobacter pylori induced gastro-intestinal diseases

Background: Helicobacter  pylori (H. pylori)  is a multi-flagellated, spiral-shaped, Gram-negative, microaerophilic, slow-growing bacteria and extremely mobile which colonizes the stomach mucosa of a human where it causes a long-lasting infection which consistent with either acute or chronic stomach inflammation. Current study was aimed to evaluate total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and selenium (Se) levels in the serum of H. pylori infected individuals and to elucidate the relationship between the two biomarkers. Methods: Two study groups were enrolled in a current case control study; first group was included fifty five subjects with H. pylori infection which considered as H. pylori-associated patients (HPP), and the second group included thirty five apparently healthy subjects as healthy control (HC). Subjects were selected during the period between November 2021 and June 2022 after stringent application of the eligibility criteria. The HPP group subjects were underwent endoscopy and stool antigen test (SAT) and then both study groups subjects were evaluated for their serum anti-H. pylori antibodies (Abs), TAC and Se. Results: The findings revealed a significantly lower serum TAC and Se in HPP group in comparison with HC group. Serum immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) anti-H.&nbsp

High Strength Self-Compacting Corbels Retrofitted by Near Surface Mounted Steel Bars

In the present study, a comparison has been conducted to investigate the efficiency of using the near-surface mounted steel bars technique for strengthening and repairing the damaged reinforced concrete corbels. Three configurations for installing the steel bars have been considered; horizontal, diagonal, and combined. Results revealed that is better to use this technique within the early stages of loading. Moreover, results proved that the strengthening by the diagonal scheme yielded a better response in terms of cracking and failure loads with values of 166 and 95% relative to the control specimen. Also, it is found that for damage of 45%, the horizontal arrangement yielded the highest failure load of 99% whereas for damage of 65%, the diagonal system yielded the optimum value of 50% relative to the control specimen

Comparative study of natural chemical for enhanced oil recovery: Focus on extraction and adsorption at quartz sand surface

In chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR), it is very important to utilize the excessive usage of chemicals. A great opportunity lies in adopting natural surfactants, since it is cheaper, ecosystem friendly, and less toxic than their counterpart synthetic surfactants. Despite the availability of natural surfactant sources, it is yet very early to decide on their applicability. Therefore, this research focuses on natural-saponin extracted from different raw materials available in the Middle East and their interaction with quartz-sand. A special focus was given to the adsorption isotherm models to describe the interaction with the reservoir rocks.Three raw materials were investigated are fenugreek, sugar beet leaves and chickpeas. The main extraction method employed was the chemical extraction using the soxhelet. The study used Uv–vis spectrometer to investigate the micellization behaviour and the consequent adsorption on quartz-sand. The presence of triterpenoid saponin is found dominant in all the sample, the intensity and purity differed according to the raw material source. Tthe critical micelle concentration (CMC) was at a close range of 4–5.5 wt% in all the samples. The highest adsorption was obtained by sugar beet leaves which is 192 g/kg. It is 25% and 37% higher than the Fenugreek and chickpeas, respectively. Increasing the salinity resulted in adsorption reduction between 2% and 56%. For the adsorption isotherms, it showed good agreement with the Langmuir model fitting. The remarkable finding is that the sugar beet leaves heterogeneous model seems to be valid by Frendluich and Halsey isotherms

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NATURAL CHEMICAL FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY: FOCUS ON EXTRACTION AND ADSORPTION AT QUARTZ SAND SURFACE

In chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR), it is very important to utilize the excessive usage of chemicals. A great opportunity lies in adopting natural surfactants, since it is cheaper, ecosystem friendly, and less toxic than their counterpart synthetic surfactants. Despite the availability of natural surfactant sources, it is yet very early to decide on their applicability. Therefore, this research focuses on natural-saponin extracted from different raw materials available in the Middle East and their interaction with quartz-sand. A special focus was given to the adsorption isotherm models to describe the interaction with the reservoir rocks

Biotechnological aspects and pharmaceutical applications of bacterials proteases

Proteases enzymes are capable of hydrolyzing peptide bonds in proteins. They can be found in all living organisms. Bacterial proteases enzymes have great pharmaceutical importance due to their key role in biological processes and in the life-cycle of many pathogens. New technologies for rationally protein engineering proteases, as well as improved delivery options, will expand greatly the potential pharmaceutical applications of enzymes. Proteases are extensively applied agents in several sectors of pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, numerous research applications predominant use of proteases has been in killing tumor cells, they are also emerging as useful agents in the treatment of digestive disorders, inflammation, and other diseases. The aim of this paper is to review the biotechnological aspects of proteases enzymes and summarize their pharmaceutical applications in the life sciences

Production d-lactic acid from cassava starch by lactobacillus delbruekii in the semi industrial scale 16-l bioreactor

Lactic acid is a vastly required organic used in many food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and chemical industries. In addition, it has received an increasing attention for as a major component of the biodegradable poly lactic acid (PLA). Starch-rich agricultural raw materials such as potato, corn and wheat showed high potential as carbon sources in industrial microbial production processes. The present work focused on enhancing D-lactic acid production by Lactobacillus delbruekii through medium optimization using cassava starch as a C-source. Firstly the composition of production medium was optimized, and then the growth and lactic acid production kinetics were compared on both un-optimized and optimized medium compositions. Results showed that the optimized medium suitable for maximal lactic acid production was composed of [g/L]: cassava starch, 10; yeast extract, 2.5; peptone, 3; K2HPO4, 4; tri-Ammonium citrate, 1; MgSO4.7H2O, 0.57; MnSO4.4H2O, 0.12, FeSO4.7H2O, 0.003. Results also showed that medium optimization using one factor at time (OFAT) approach, increased lactic acid production by about 1.7-folds from that obtained in un-optimized medium compositions. Also, growth and production rates were improved. Further process optimization was achieved by transferring the process to 16-L stirred tank bioreactor. Both cell growth and production kinetics were significantly improved. Maximal volumetric productivity of 14.1 g/L was achieved after 48 h of cultivation with improved growth and production rates. This corresponded to an increase of about 2.5-folds from the maximal concentration obtained in optimized shake-flask cultivation. Accordingly, the obtained optimized semi-defined production medium can be used for large scale production process of D-lactic acid due to its efficiency in terms of product yield and medium cost

EVALUATION OF OKRA (ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS) MACROMOLECULAR SOLUTION FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY IN KAZAKHSTAN CARBONATE RESERVOIR

Natural polymers have been investigated as part of the endeavors of green chemistry practice in the oil field. However, natural polymer studies are still preliminary. The current study examines okra’s (natural polymer) efficiency for polymer flooding, particularly in Kazakhstan. The evaluation targets the heavy oil trapped in carbonate reservoirs. SEM and FTIR were used to characterize morphology and chemical composition. A rheology study was conducted under different shear rates for three plausible concentrations: 1 wt.%, 2 wt.% and 5 wt.%. The core flooding was challenged by the low porosity and permeability of the core. The results showed that okra’s size is between 150–900 m. The morphology can be described by rod-like structures with pores and staking as sheet structures. The FTIR confirmed that the solution contains a substantial amount of polysaccharides. During the rheology test, okra showed a proportional relationship between the concentration and viscosity increase, and an inversely proportional relationship with the shear rate. At reservoir temperature, the viscosity reduction was insignificant, which indicated good polymer stability. Okra showed shear-thinning behavior. It was fitted to the Ostwald–de Waele power-law model by a (90–99)% regression coefficient. The findings confirm okra’s pseudo-plasticity, and that it is proportional to the solution concentration. The incremental oil recovery was 7%. The flow was found to be restricted due to the mechanical entrapment resulting from the large molecule size and the low porosity–permeability of the system. This study proves that the dominating feature of natural polysaccharide derivatives is their applicability to moderate reservoir conditions. The current study is a positive attempt at natural polymer application in Kazakhstan and similar field conditions