Immigrant Earnings Distributions and Earnings Mobility in Canada: Evidence for the 1982 Landing Cohort from IMDB Micro Data

This paper provides preliminary results from the IMDB panel database on the earnings distribution and earnings mobility of Canadian immigrants over their first post-landing decade in Canada. In this study we examine only the 1982 landing cohort of immigrants and follow them through to 1992. We examine earnings outcomes by four immigrant admission categories (independent economic immigrants, family class immigrants, and refugees) and separately for men and women. We find that there was indeed a substantial increase in the real earnings of 1982 immigrants over their first ten post-landing years in Canada. Annual earnings were initially highest for independent economic immigrants (all of whom are principal applicants) and lowest for refugees. But the growth rate of earnings was highest among refugees, so that by the tenth post-landing year refugees had the second-highest annual earnings levels after independent economic immigrants. Earnings inequality among immigrants in the 1982 landing cohort changed over the ensuing decade in a manner consistent with onward migration beyond Canada from the top end of the immigrant earnings distribution. In fact, sample attrition in the IMDB database was greatest among independent economic immigrants, followed by refugees. Earnings mobility was substantially greater for immigrants than for earners as a whole in the Canadian labour market, and declined with years since landing for both male and female immigrants. Earnings mobility was also greater among immigrant women than among immigrant men. The results indicate that the point system is effective in admitting higher-earning immigrants who succeed in moving ahead in the Canadian labour market, but suggest that onward (or through) migration among the most skilled immigrant workers may be a policy concern.Immigrant Earnings, Earnings Mobility of Immigrants, Canadian Immigrant Earnings

Immigrant Earnings Differences Across Admission Categories and Landing Cohorts in Canada

This study uses longitudinal IMDB micro data to document the annual earnings outcomes of Canadian immigrants in four major admission categories (skill-assessed independent economic principal applicants, accompanying economic immigrants, family class immigrants, and refugees) and three annual landing cohorts (those for the years 1982, 1988, and 1994) over the first ten years following their landing in Canada as permanent residents. The findings provide a ten-year earnings signature for the four broad immigrant admission categories in Canada. The study’s first major finding is that skill-assessed economic immigrants had consistently and substantially the highest annual earnings levels among the four admission categories for both male and female immigrants in all three landing cohorts. Family class immigrants or refugees generally had the lowest earnings levels. An important related finding is that refugees exhibited substantially the highest earnings growth rates for both male and female immigrants in all three landing cohorts, while independent economic or family class immigrants generally had the lowest earnings growth rates over their first post-landing decade in Canada. The study’s second major finding is that economic recessions appear to have had clearly discernible negative effects on immigrants’ earnings levels and growth rates; moreover, these adverse effects were much more pronounced for male immigrants than for female immigrants.Immigrant earnings, admission categories, Canadian immigrants

Economic Warfare - The Attack

In order to place economic warfare in some perspective, it may serve a useful purpose at this point to make a number of ob­servations regarding it. Economic warfare of course is not a new development. It is probably as old as warfare itself

Letter from Charles T. Abbott to B. R. Colson

Letter from Charles T. Abbott to B. R. Colson. The one-page note is handwritten

How to Successfully Recruit Students in the Rapidly Changing World of Higher Education: Ethical Leadership for Enrollment Managers of Private Non-Profit Institutions

Throughout the history of Post-Secondary education in the U.S. private non-profit institutions have played a vital and leading role in helping to shape and prepare the youth of the nation intellectually, socially and emotionally. However the landscape of higher education has changed significantly over the past few decades with the entire purpose and focus of this education coming into question. By noting the importance of obtaining a higher education and defining the differences between non-profit and for-profit institutions This paper focuses on examining these changes. Furthermore, in particular this work will examine ethical leadership and concentrate on the techniques necessary for non-profit enrollment managers to be competitive recruiters yet remain within the framework of ethical leadership

Economic Warfare - The Defense

My subject this morning is Economic Warfare-The De­fense. In particular I shall address myself to problems concern­ing the defense of the United States and her allies-actual or po­tential-in the present cold war and in the event hostilities break out between this country and Russia

Judicial Administration

Covers cases on the inherent power of the court—constitutional grant of power—contempt

A probabilistic approach to quantum Bayesian games of incomplete information

A Bayesian game is a game of incomplete information in which the rules of the game are not fully known to all players. We consider the Bayesian game of Battle of Sexes that has several Bayesian Nash equilibria and investigate its outcome when the underlying probability set is obtained from generalized Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiments. We find that this probability set, which may become non-factorizable, results in a unique Bayesian Nash equilibrium of the game.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Quantum Information Processin