Effect of Fordyce Happiness Model on depression, stress, anxiety, and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis

Purpose This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Fordyce Happiness Model (FHM) on depression, stress, anxiety, and fatigue in MS patients. Methods In this clinical trial, 140 MS patients assigned to experimental and control groups. Depression, anxiety, stress, and fatigue were measured by Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and Piper Standard Scale before and immediately and three months after the implementation of FHM. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18. Results Independent t-test indicated that total scores of stress, depression, and fatigue of the two groups were not significantly different before the intervention but were significantly different after the intervention (P˂0.05). Moreover, anxiety scores of the two were not significantly different after the intervention (P˃0.05). Conclusion FHM can assist MS patients to manage their disease and associated problems in life. Besides that, since FHM is efficient and costless, it can be incorporated into the health interventions for MS patients

Multi Media Strategy in Teaching a Comprehensive Nursing Care Unit in CCU Wards:An Effective Solution At the Time of the Outbreak of COVID-19

Background and Objective: With the outbreak of COVID-19 and  teaching a comprehensive nursing care in Navid system of Babol Medical Science University. A survey was conducted to determine the effective strategy in teaching the comprehensive care in intensive care units as an effective solution. Methods: The present study was descriptive and was conducted in the research community of sixth semester nursing students of Ramsar College. samples were 31 student. Three software ( reading ECG, dialysis and multimedia pacemaker), the multimedia films that the teacher produced from his PowerPoint and Also downloaded videos that have been translated into Persian, All were uploaded to the system. WhatsApp program was also used during teaching. Finally, students' satisfaction was assessed with a Likert form. Findings: 31 students participated in this study. Application of multimedia strategy with the learning rate of the samples showed a significant direct relationship( P = 0.78). Satisfaction with the application of this strategy in education was 81. 82.8 of students were dissatisfied with the weakness of the Internet in their homes in receiving messages and content. Sound quality and design of the loading content of over 90 percent were satisfied. Conclusion: E-learning as a flexible method, which provides access to multimedia and attractive educational content for nursing students and nurses at any time and place, is also one of the most effective educational methods in the era of coronavirus

Design and psychometric evaluation of epilepsy-related apathy scale (E-RAS) in adults with epilepsy: a sequential exploratory mixed methods design

Background: Apathy in patients with epilepsy is associated with a wide range of consequences that reduce the patient�s ability to perform social functions and participate in self-care and rehabilitation programs. Therefore, apathy is one of the important diagnoses of the healthcare team in the process of caring for epileptic patients and its dimensions need to be examined and recognized. Therefore, appropriate instruments with the sociocultural milieu of each community should be provided to health care providers. The aim of the present study was to design and measure epilepsy�related apathy scale (E-RAS) in adults with epilepsy. Methods: This study of sequential exploratory mixed methods design was conducted in Iran from April 2019 to December 2019. In the Item generation stage, two inductive (face-to-face and semi-structured interviews with 17 adult epileptic patients) and deductive (literature review) were used. In item reduction, integration of qualitative and literature reviews and scale evaluation were accomplished. For Scale Evaluation, face, content, construct exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 360) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 200), convergent and divergent Validity and reliability (internal consistency and stability) were investigated. Results: The results of EFA showed that E-RAS has four factors, namely, motivation; self-regulatory; cognition and emotional-effective. These four latent factors accounted for a total of 48.351% of the total variance in the E-RAS construct. The results of CFA showed that the 4-factor model of E-RAS has the highest fit with the data. The results of convergent and divergent validity showed that the values of composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE) for the four factors were greater than 0.7 and 0.5, respectively, and the value of AVE for each factor was greater than CR. The Cronbach�s alpha coefficient for the whole scale was obtained 0.815. The results of the test-retest showed that there was a significant agreement between the test and retest scores (P < 0.001). Conclusion: E-RAS is a multidimensional construct consisting of 24 items, and has acceptable validity and reliability for the study of epilepsy-related apathy in adult epileptic patients

Risk-taking behaviors of the Tehran city; Iranian college students in 2018

Background and aims: High-risk behaviors among different strata are one of the most severe health threats in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of high-risk behaviors among college students in Iran. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study with 144 new students in Tehran City, Iran, performed in 2018 using random sampling. The data collection tools included questions on demographic variables and Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) questionnaire. Students completed the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24 and descriptive tests. Results: In this study, all students were in their first year of university. The results showed that 66% of students were girls and 34% were boys. 6.9% and 9% of students did not wear helmets when riding motorcycles or sitting in the driver’s seat, respectively. Also, threatened and beaten once with a weapon such as a knife or a stick and physically assaulted or beaten once were seen in 9% and 3.6% of students, respectively.9.7% had taken money from their parents or others once without permission. Conclusion: Based on the findings, many participants engage in high-risk behaviors that endanger their health; Therefore, designing and improving health programs and strategies is essential to reduce the risks and factors that cause high-risk behaviors

The Relationship Between Loneliness and Nutritional Status in Older People Living in Ramsar City

Background and Aims: loneliness has some implications for health. The relationship between loneliness and nutritional status requires careful and principled investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between loneliness and nutritional status of the elderly. Methods: 440 elderly 60 years and older individuals from Social Security Administration, Education Retirees Association, and Health Center were selected randomly Descriptive-Analytical study in 2018. Data collection tools included demographic information questionnaire, UCLA loneliness scale (20-80 Score in four levels; without loneliness, low, moderate and high) and mini nutritional assessment (0-30 score at three levels of malnutrition, at risk of malnutrition and normal nutritional status). Results: The Mean ± SD age for the participants was 65.32(6.22). The relationship between nutritional status and loneliness of 68 elderly people without feeling alone (< 20), 85.3% had normal nutritional status, of 317 elderly people with low loneliness (39- 21), 80.4% had normal nutritional status. Of 52 elderly people with moderate loneliness (59-40), 63.5% were at risk of malnutrition. Loneliness in the elderly was significantly associated with an increased risk of malnutrition (OR = 4.2276, P = 0.00). Conclusion: According to the felling of loneliness, more than half of the elderly and the reverse connection between the feelings of loneliness with the state of nutrition, holding free consultation classes in order to reduce the feeling of retired elderly loneliness by the politicians of the health system

Effects of a forced-air warming system and warmed intravenous fluids on hemodynamic parameters, shivering, and time to awakening in elderly patients undergoing open cardiac surgery

Background: As one of the most common postoperative complications, hypothermia is the main cause of numerous problems during treatment, especially in elderly patients with decreased cardiac reserves. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of forced-air warming system (FAWS), warmed intravenous fluids (WIVFs) and routine method on hemodynamic parameters, arterial blood gases (ABGs), shivering, and time to awakening in elderly patients undergoing open cardiac surgery (OCS). Methods: This clinical randomized controlled trial was conducted on 94 elderly patients who underwent OCS at Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol, Iran. They were divided into three groups, namely FAWS (n=31), WIVFs (n=31) and routine rewarming method (RRWM, with a blanket) (n=32). The data were then recorded in a checklist. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS 26 at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: The findings demonstrated that the degree of hypothermia had a significant decreasing trend in the groups receiving FAWS and WIVFs (P=0.002). Additionally, increased respiratory rate (P=0.013), higher bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels on arrival up to 4 hours after surgery (P=0.045), reduced lactate level (P=0.005), normal base excess (BE) and accelerated time to awakening (P=0.004) were observed in patients receiving FAWS. There was no significant difference in the study groups regarding shivering. Conclusion: The results revealed that FAWS could mitigate the degree of hypothermia, increase body temperature and decrease the postoperative serum lactate levels. Moreover, BE as one of the most important parameters for ABGs, could remain at a normal level. Besides, the use of FAWS could lead to early awakening, and thus facilitate weaning and extubation of these patients

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire in Patients with Epilepsy

Background: Adult eating behavior questionnaire (AEBQ) is an age upward extension tool that measures appetite traits in individuals. This instrument was developed by Hunot in 2016. The present study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of AEBQ in adults with epilepsy. Methods: The current research is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 in Iran. 700 adults with epilepsy completed the 35-item AEBQ. Qualitative face validity, qualitative content and structure validity (exploratory factor analysis EFA, N=400, and confirmatory factor analysis CFA, N=300) appetitive traits were evaluated. Reliability was also measured using Cronbach’s alpha, Construct reliability (CR), and Intra-Class Correlation (ICC). The SPSS 26-AMOS24 software was employed to analyze the data with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The EFA and CFA results comprised eight factors, namely enjoyment of food, emotional over-eating, food responsiveness, hunger, satiety responsiveness, emotional under-eating, food fussiness, and eating slowly. Indices of root mean square error of approximation=0.068, parsimonious normed fit index=0.644, parsimonious comparative fit index=0.671, adjusted goodness of fit index=0.618, goodness of fit index=0.911, and Chi square degree-of-freedom ratio (normalized Chi square CMIN/ DF=2.842) confirmed the fitness of the final model. Convergent and divergent validity was acceptable for all the factors. The results revealed that the internal stability>0.8 and CR>0.7 of the eight extracted AEBQ structures are confirmed. The ICC was 0.899 (95% CI: 0.878-0.917; P<0.001). The results also showed that AEBQ has acceptable convergent and divergent validity. Conclusion: The eight-factor structure of AEBQ can measure eating behavior traits and is of good validity and reliability for assessing the eating behavior of Iranian adults with epilepsy

Designing and psychometric evaluation of disease-related fear scale (D-RFS) in adults with epilepsy: A sequential exploratory mixed methods design

Background: Disease-related fear is one of the important diagnoses of healthcare providers in caring for people with epilepsy whose conceptual dimensions should be discovered and investigated. To this end, it is necessary to provide healthcare providers with appropriate tools to assess fears related to the disease in accordance with the sociocultural milieu of each community. Aim: The purpose of this study was to design and psychometrically evaluate the disease-related fear scale (D-RFS) in adults with epilepsy. Methods: This study was of a sequential exploratory mixed methods design conducted in Iran in 2019. In the item generation phase, inductive (face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with 14 adult patients with epilepsy) and deductive (literature review) were used. In the item reduction, integration of qualitative and literature reviews and scale evaluation were performed. For the scale evaluation, face validity, content validity, construct validity [exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 367) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 250)], and convergent and divergent validity and reliability (internal consistency and stability) were investigated. Results: After the qualitative phase and literature review, 40 items were codified. After investigation of the qualitative and quantitative face validity, 7 items were deleted. Two items were deleted due to content validity ratio (CVR) of less than 0.56 and one item due to content validity index (CVI) of less than 0.78. Finally, a 30-item scale was obtained, and its construct validity was assessed. Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) index was 0.85, and Bartlett's test of sphericity was 7237.504, P < 0. 001. The results of CFA showed that the bivariate model of the D-RFS (fear of seizure consequences and fear of the disease's long-term consequences) had the most appropriate fitness to the data. Convergent and divergent validity results showed that the values of composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE) for the two factors were greater than 0.7 and 0.5, respectively, and the AVE for each factor was greater than CR. Internal consistency of the first and second factors were obtained 0.891 and 0.910, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was obtained 0.921. The results of test–retest reliability showed that there was a significant agreement between the scores of the test and retest (P < .001). Conclusion: The D-RFS has an acceptable factorial structure, and its internal consistency was confirmed by different approaches. This scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing disease-related fear in patients with epilepsy. The simplicity of the items and the appropriate time to complete the scale can be considered as its strengths

Evaluation of psychometric properties of the eating restriction questionnaire and food involvement inventory in Iranian adults

Abstract The objectives of this study were to translate and validate the Persian version of the food involvement inventory (FII) and eating restriction questionnaire (ERQ) and to determine the measurement invariance based on gender, body mass index (BMI) status, and age. This cross-sectional study included 1100 Iranian adults. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate the construct validity of FII and ERQ. Convergent and discriminant validity, measurement invariance in gender, BMI and age, reliability including internal consistency, and stability were investigated for FII and ERQ. The results showed that the four-factor construct of the FII and the one-factor construct of the ERQ were 44.27% and 55.12% of the total variance, respectively. The factor loadings of all items were > .3 in both scales and none of the items were deleted. Fitting indices indicated that the four-factor construct of the FII and the one-factor construct of the ERQ had a good and acceptable fit among the Iranian adults. The Persian versions of the FII and ERQ, translated into Persian and localized according to international standards, had high construct, convergent and discriminant validity as well as high reliability