Comparing two training methods, traditional CPR skill and distance training at the Red-crescent organization in Hormozgan province

Abstract: Introduction: On-going relief skills training in Red-crescent organization are inevitable and crucial, but Geographical dispersion of relief bases and wide range of the staff deemed to be the reasons of the lack of the rescuers simultaneous access to educational classes. Hence, the present study was done with the aim of finding the suitable method for training rescuing skills at the Red-crescent organization in Hormozgan province. Methods: The present experimental study included 84 high school students who were new volunteers to work at the Red-crescent organization. The samples were taken with the method of cluster and random samplings, which classified into the two groups of 42 individuals. The two groups were trained with two different methods at the same time and separately, answering the questions of knowledge assessment before and after training. Finally the rates of their skills were assessed using models and checklists of performance assessment. The data were given to SPSS16 statistical software and analyzed through descriptive and analytical methods of statistics. Results: The results showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the total questions regarding knowledge assessment for both group before and after training. Also the results indicated that, after the training, the number of correct answers to knowledge assessment questions were significantly more rather than those prior to training period (P-value < 0.05). Also out of 10 indices of performance assessment checklist, 7 indices indicate the percentage of correct performance of experimental group (distance training) is significantly more than that of subject group (traditional training) (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion: The rate of the performance of the experimental group was considerably better than that of the traditional group, and comparing the range of the knowledge of both groups no significant difference is revealed. Therefore, the officials of Red-crescent organization need to make more attempts in planning more distance training classes at this organization

Increased Serum Levels of IL-17A and IL-23 Are Associated with Decreased Vitamin D3 and Increased Pain in Osteoarthritis.

IntroductionOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis and proinflammatory cytokines have been considered as the main etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. Serum levels of cytokines, that are associated with innate immunity and TH1 cells, have been analyzed in OA patients, however, there is limited research that profiles cytokines associated with Th17 cells and their relation to vitamin D3 and pain.Material and methodsThe sera from 131 patients with OA and 262 healthy controls were evaluated for serum levels of IL-17A, IL-21, IL-23 and vitamin D3 using ELISA.ResultsSerum levels of IL-17A, and IL-23 were statistically higher in OA patients than in healthy controls, while IL-21 and vitamin D3 were significantly lower in OA patients when compared to controls. A significant positive correlation was found between the serum levels of IL-17A and IL-23 using WOMAC pain scores and vitamin D3 serum levels.DiscussionThe results suggest that IL-17A plays a significant role in OA pathogenesis and the induction of pain. Decreased serum levels of vitamin D3 may reflect a positive role played by the factor in the regulation of immune responses in OA patients

Correlation between WOMAC pain scores, IL-21, IL-23, IL-17A and vitamin D3 in OA patients.

<p>Correlation between WOMAC pain scores, IL-21, IL-23, IL-17A and vitamin D3 in OA patients.</p

Serum levels of IL-21, IL-23, IL-17A and vitamin D3 in OA patients in comparison to healthy controls.

<p>Statistical analysis revealed that serum levels of IL-23 and IL-17A were significantly increased, while, IL-21 and vitamin D3 were decreased in OA patients in comparison to healthy controls.</p

Analysis of variables using logistic regression model.

<p>Analysis of variables using logistic regression model.</p

Status of sex, age, BMI and WOMAC in OA patients and healthy controls.

<p>Status of sex, age, BMI and WOMAC in OA patients and healthy controls.</p

Evaluation of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Risk Factors

Background. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders among children. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for ADHD in children. Method. In this case-control study, 404 children between 4 and 11 years old were selected by cluster sampling method from preschool children (208 patients as cases and 196 controls). All the participants were interviewed by a child and adolescent psychiatrist to survey risk factors of ADHD. Results. Among cases, 59.3% of children were boys and 38.4% were girls, which is different to that in control group with 40.7% boys and 61.6% girls. The chi-square showed statistically significance (P value < 0.0001). The other significant factors by chi-square were fathers' somatic or psychiatric disease (P value < 0.0001), history of trauma and accident during pregnancy (P value = 0.039), abortion proceeds (P value < 0.0001), unintended pregnancy (P value < 0.0001), and history of head trauma (P value < 0.0001). Conclusions. Findings of our study suggest that maternal and paternal adverse events were associated with ADHD symptoms, but breast feeding is a protective factor