Comparative repellency effect of three plant extracts on Paederus beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), the cause of linear dermatitis in Iran

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the repellent effect of neem, juniper and eucalyptus extracts as a form of protection against Paederus beetles, which are a cause of linear dermatitis in Iran.MethodsAfter collecting and extracting plant samples, the extracts were tested on Paederus beetles in three concentrations (2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0%) with direct method under laboratory conditions. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20).ResultsThe results indicated that there was a significant difference between neem with juniper and eucalyptus at the 2.5% and 5.0% concentrations (P < 0.05), whereas there was a significant difference between all three extracts at the 10.0% concentration (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis is the first report on the repellent effect of these three plant extracts on Paederus beetles. Neem oil appeared to have the largest effect on Paederus spp. and juniper essential oil exhibited the second highest repellency, followed by eucalyptus

Evaluation Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Eucalyptus globulus and Artemisia draconculus Compared with Acyclovir against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), also known as Human herpes virus 1 and 2 are two members of the herpes virus family, Herpesviridae, that infect humans. Both HSV-1 (which produces most cold sores) and HSV-2 (which produces most genital herpes) are ubiquitous and contagious. They can be spread when an infected person is producing and shedding the virus. The present study was carried out to determine the effect of alcoholic extract of two herbs Eucalyptus globulus and Artemisia draconculus on herpes virus compare with acyclovir in Iran during 2011. After preliminary survey, two herbs Eucalyptus globulus and Artemisia draconculus were selected as a drug for the treatment of herpes virus. HSV-1 was isolated from patients and identified by specific monoclonal antibodies. Vero cells (African green monkey kidney cells) were cultured with Dulbecco's Modified Eagles' Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% heat inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 100 IV/mL penicillin and l μg/mL streptomycin. Finally, the effect of these plants and Acyclovir compared with together on herpes virus. Results showed Artemisia draconculus could not reduce viral plaques significantly, however methanolic extracts of Eucalyptus globulus had a significant inhibitory effect against HSV-1 and concentration (200, 150, 50 μg/mL) has the best effect and (>200 μg/mL) Has lowest effect on HSV-1.The comparison of results exhibited that Eucalyptus globulus extract has more effects in different dilutions against HSV-1 in cell culture. (PDF) Evaluation effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Eucalyptus globulus and Artemisia draconculus compare with acyclovir against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280769019_Evaluation_effect_of_Hydroalcoholic_Extract_of_Eucalyptus_globulus_and_Artemisia_draconculus_compare_with_acyclovir_against_Herpes_Simplex_Virus_Type_1 [accessed Sep 23 2018]

Comparative repellency effect of three plant extracts on Paederus beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), the cause of linear dermatitis in Iran

Objective: To investigate the repellent effect of neem, juniper and eucalyptus extracts as a form of protection against Paederus beetles, which are a cause of linear dermatitis in Iran. Methods: After collecting and extracting plant samples, the extracts were tested on Paederus beetles in three concentrations (2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0%) with direct method under laboratory conditions. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20). Results: The results indicated that there was a significant difference between neem with juniper and eucalyptus at the 2.5% and 5.0% concentrations (P < 0.05), whereas there was a significant difference between all three extracts at the 10.0% concentration (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This is the first report on the repellent effect of these three plant extracts on Paederus beetles. Neem oil appeared to have the largest effect on Paederus spp. and juniper essential oil exhibited the second highest repellency, followed by eucalyptus

Report an educational intense decline in medical student with excellent educational background

Educational decline among university students during the first university terms is generally observed as a reason of the big change in lifestyle and not being accustomed to dormitory atmosphere, or it can be as a result of being involved with emotional matters, due to the special age at which they enter university. This research concerns the situation of a medical student ((Mohammad)) who enters Kerman medical university with a perfect educational background and a top rank in entrance exam of university but he encounters a noticeable underachievement in educating as soon as he starts his courses at university. Mohammad who is from a relatively supportive family and has a suitable financial situation in his family, gets involved with an emotional case and its following problems and matters, facing a breakup at this stage , he is suffered with depression and severe educational decline . His family, in order to help him, acts mistakenly and it brings about bigger problems. Therefore, after finishing two university terms with conditional educational situation, he exposes with the warning of being dropped out of university. Noticing the importance of this stage of life among university students, more than the consideration of university teachers, needs the contribution of consulting center of university in an effective way. so that they can identify students with emotional conflicts that leads them toward educational underachievement, and then offering them suitable and helpful consultation aimed to help them pass this serious phase of life and moreover, how to adopt themselves with new situations, surely with having their family support as well. Key Words: Educational Decline, Medical Student, Consultatio

Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus and Cytomegalovirus in Gastric Cancers in Kerman, Iran

Gastric cancer (GC) is a multifactorial disease with different factors having roles in its genesis. Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are known infectious agents that could contribute. In addition, there is evidence of a relationship with cytomegalovirus (CMV). Since data on CMV prevalence in gastric cancer are limited, we here evaluated the frequency of EBV and CMV in Iranian patients. Ninety paraffin blocks of GC tissues from patients in Kerman were evaluated for the presence of EBV and CMV genomes by real-time polymerase chain reaction. EBV was detected in 10 cases (11.1%) and CMV in seven. One out of 17 female patients (5.88%) and nine out of 73 male patients (12.3%) were positive for EBV, while one out of 17 female patients (5.88%) and six out of 73 male patients (8.22%) were positive for CMV. The mean age for EBV-positive patients was 60.5±14.9 years and the mean age for CMV-positive patients was 67.9±12.3years. This study shows that the frequency of EBV-associated GC is high in Kerman. It also indicates that further studies of associations betwee

Molecular characterization of Leishmania parasites in naturally infected sand flies from the endemic focus of Kerman City, Southeastern Iran

Objective: To identify the etiological agent, host and vector of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kerman City, Southeastern Iran, using nested PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR techniques. Methods: Conducting this cross-sectional study in Kerman City from March to November 2014, we collected and morphologically identified 1 075 sandflies. The phlebotomine sand flies were then molecularly examined for harboring Leishmania parasites and blood meal preference using nested PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR techniques respectively. Results: Phlebotomus sergenti (P. sergenti) and Phlebotomus papatasi were found to comprise 94.3% and 5.7% of catches respectively. Nested PCR assay, applied for kDNA minicircles amplification, detected Leishmania tropica in P. sergenti at the rate of 3.6%. Also, restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR assay on mtDNA fragments demonstrated that 41.8% of P. sergenti population preferred to feed on human blood rather than other animals. Conclusions: This is the first study to provide molecular bases for incriminating P. sergenti as the main vector of Leishmania tropica, the causative agent of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, in Kerman City. This study emphasized the high predominance, strong anthropophilic behavior and peridomicile adaptation of P. sergenti population in the focus

Satisfaction of Mobile Users with mobile Application "Identification, Prevention, and Control of Bed Bugs": Designing and Developing Mobile Health Application

Introduction: Bed bugs are considered as public health nuisance insects, which can feed on humans and cause psychological distress, insomnia, anxiety, anemia, and skin itching in individuals. The aim of this study was to design and implement a mobile application "identification, prevention, and control of bed bug", and also to assess the satisfaction of mobile users with this application. Method: In the first phase of this study, the mobile application that includes three steps of identification, prevention, and control of bed bug, was designed and installed on the people's mobile phone. In the second phase, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 mobile users using an electronic questionnaire. Descriptive data were analyzed by SPSS version 18. Results: The satisfaction rate of the application users in most of the questions was at high level (more than 80%). According to the users' answers to the question about the impact of educational data presented through this application, its impact was high (78%). Conclusion: Due to high accessibility, this application increases individuals' knowledge, saves cost and time to control bed bugs, therefore, the use of this mobile health application is recommended

Biochemical Basis of Cyfluthrin and DDT Resistance in Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malarious Area of Iran

Background: Anopheles stephensi is a key urban malaria vector in the Indian subcontinent and Middle East includ­ing south and southeast of Iran. Wide application of insecticides resulted in resistance of this species to various insec­ticides in these regions. This study was conducted to reveal the role of metabolic mechanisms in the development of resistance in An. stephensi to DDT and cyfluthrin. Methods: Field mosquito specimens were collected from Chabahar Seaport, southeast corner of Iran, in 2015. Insec­ticide susceptibility and enzyme assays were conducted as recommended by WHO. Results: Mean enzyme ratios were 3.95 and 3.04 for α- esterases and 2.40 and 1.97 for β- esterases in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations correspondingly compared with the susceptible strain. The GSTs enzyme mean ac­tivity ratios were 5.07 and 2.55 in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations compared with the susceptible beech strain. The cytochrome p450s enzyme ratios were 1.11 and 1.28 in the DDT and cyfluthrin- resistant populations respectively compared with the susceptible beech strain. Conclusion: Metabolic mechanisms play a crucial role in the development of DDT and cyfluthrin resistance in An. stephensi, therefore, further evaluation of the mechanisms involved as well as implementation of proper insecticide resistance management strategies are recommended

Design and Development of a Mobile-Based Application for Identification, Prevention, and Control of Head Lice and Survey of User Satisfaction

Introduction: Using mobile phones is one of the ways to increase people's knowledge and awareness. The objective of this study was to design and develop a mobile-based application for “identification, prevention, and control of head lice” and also to assess the satisfaction of mobile users with this educational application. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in two stages including design and development of an educational application for head lice and assessment of the level of satisfaction among 140 users using electronic questionnaires. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 24) using descriptive statistics indices. Results: The descriptive findings of this study showed that 61.4% of users participating in the study were women, 45.8% of them were in the age group of 20 to 30 years, and 42.1% had high school diploma. Moreover, more than 95% of users stated that the scientific content in the application was easy to understand and the data were up-to-date. Overall, the results revealed that 81% of users in this study preferred to use this educational application over reading texts when exposed to head lice infestation and the effect of using the educational information of this mobile-based application was reported to be at high level (61%). Conclusion: The target population including families involved with head lice, school teachers, health center experts, and medical students are recommended to use this educational application