59 research outputs found
Factors explaining farm households’ access to and utilization of extreme climate forecasts in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
Domestic Violence Against Women and HIV Vulnerability in Nigeria
This paper analyzed the impact of domestic violence on HIV vulnerability using the 2008 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. Fuzzy set method was used to construct indices of HIV vulnerability and its correlates were determined by Tobit regression. It was found that among the selected HIV vulnerability attributes, the number of other wives contributed the most (10.30 percent) to HIV vulnerability indices, while North Central and South-South zones had the highest average HIV vulnerability of 0.0669 and 0.0633, respectively. At the state level, Niger, Enugu and Nasarawa states recorded the highest average HIV vulnerability indices of 0.0889, 0.0879 and 0.0864. respectively. Also, the most reported domestic violence against women were violation of women’s right to ask for the use of condom in sexual relationships (68.32 percent) and lack of power to refuse sex (44.92 percent). The Tobit regression showed that HIV vulnerability was significantly promoted (
Environment-related factors influencing morbidity among economically active household members in urban and rural Nigeria
An Augmented Cobb-Douglas Production Function Modeling of the Impact of Climate Change on Maize Yields in Ethiopia
Climate change remains a major problem confronting agricultural productivity in Ethiopia. Maize and some other cereal crops are susceptible to climatic parameters. This study analyzed the impacts of some climatic variables on the yields of maize crops in Ethiopia using the 1981-2018 dataset. Maize production in Ethiopia is adversely affected by climate change. The augmented Cobb-Douglas Production function was used for data analyses. The results showed that the parameters of long-season rainfall, short-season rainfall, and mean maximum temperature show a negative sign and are statistically significant (p<0.05). In contrast, the minimum temperature shows a positive sign. In addition, the parameters of the quantity of fertilizer and improved seed used in maize production have a positive and significant impact on the yields of maize (p<0.10). However, the land area's elasticity coefficient shows a negative and statistically significant sign. It was concluded that changes in climatic parameters, such as an increase in short-season and long-season rainfall and an increase in maximum temperature, would reduce maize productivity. Therefore, utilizing effective climate change adaptation measures promises to enhance maize productivity in Ethiopia
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON YIELDS OF WHEAT IN ETHIOPIA: AN AUGMENTED COBB-DOUGLAS PRODUCTION FUNCTION APPROACH
The study analyzed the impact of climate change on yields of wheat crop in Ethiopia by employing Cobb-Douglas Production Function Approach using time series data for the period 1981 – 2018. The study confirmed that long-season rainfall and crop growing season maximum temperature have negative and significant effects on wheat yield. The result implies that a rise in maximum temperature during crop growing period and variation in long-season rainfall could have adverse impact on yield of wheat crop. The findings further showed that fertilizers, improved seed, and irrigation applied on wheat crop have all positive and significant impact on yield of wheat, implying that use of fertilizer, improved seed and irrigation inputs have vital role in increasing yields of wheat crop. Conversely, the study indicated that land area cultivated under wheat cropping showed negative and significant impact on yield of wheat crop, implying that any area expansion under wheat crop production would have negative impact. In view of the findings of the study, it is recommended that adaptation strategies that could offset the adverse effects of climate change should be designed and adopted. An increased use of irrigation is recommended, particularly in potential lowland areas to mitigate the adverse effect of climate sensitivity on wheat crop. Use of improved wheat seed varieties of short duration and tolerant to warm and moisture stress conditions are recommended to increase productivity and production of wheat crop. Increased use of fertilizers in cooler mid and highland areas can be another option to increase the productivity of wheat crop in Ethiopia
Smallholder farmer’s adoption intensity of genetically modified maize varieties in Thulamela municipality, Limpopo province, South Africa
Efficiency of Groundnuts/Maize Intercropped Farms in Zoetele, South Cameroon: A Data Envelopement Approach
This article aims at evaluating and analysing the production efficiency of farms (FF) in the locality of
Zoetele, South Cameroon. From a sample of 62 FF, we first estimate a model of Data Envelopment Analysis with
constant and variable returns to scale, then a censored TOBIT model enabling therefore to identify factors of
efficiency. Two main outcomes result from this study. First of all, we can see that on average, the level of technical
efficiency of FFs is 44.60% when returns to scale are constant, and 67.80% when return to scale are variable. This
shows off possibilities of efficiency substantial gains. Secondly, the farm size and the production destination impact
negatively on the technical efficiency. Finally, the adherence to a peasant organisation and age improve it. From
those results, we estimate that if one wants to improve the efficiency of the FFs, it would be interesting that the FFs
organise themselves into associations in order to benefit from experience sharing, and government and
nongovernmental organisations (NGO)
Subsistence Farming and Food Security in Cameroon: A Macroeconomic Approach
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the development of subsistence agriculture is
the best way to assure food security in developing countries. The objective of this study fits into this logic in that it
analyzes the impact of subsistence farming to food security in Cameroon. Data from the FAO and the World Bank
over the period 1961-2007 were used to formulate a cointegration model between food availability and subsistence
framing index based on the ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) procedure. Firstly, the analysis shows that the
long-run elasticity of subsistence farming index is 0.38, higher than in short-run (0.27). This result confirms the
positive impact of subsistence farming on food security in short-run and long-run. Secondly, the trend is significant
and positive, meaning that structural variables such as market functioning, the development of road and market
infrastructures etc., positively impact on food security in Cameroon. However, population growth reduces food
availability, a factor that could obscure the positive impact of subsistence farming. Therefore it would be necessary
to consider a scenario in which the subsistence farming growth rate is higher than the population growth rate
The effect of incomplete land tenure contracts on agricultural investment and productivity in Cameroon
The aim of this paper was to analyse the effects of secure land tenure contracts on agricultural productivity. These effects will be highlighted through
investment. Data from the third Cameroonian household survey (ECAM III) was used to estimate a binary choice model and productivity equation by
instrumental variables. Firstly, the results suggest that there is a moral hazard in the investment behaviour of sharecroppers.This result could support
the hypothesis of a holdup problem, which would reduce the incentives for agricultural households to make optimal investments. Secondly, the insecurity
of land tenure contract would reduce the probability of purchasing modern equipment by about 0.44 and reduce the probability ofusing fertilizer by
about 0.21. However, these investments determine the differences in term of productivity among agricultural household. Thus, the sharecroppers are less
productive because they invest less than landlords. Therefore, it seems necessary to implement institutional mechanisms that can help to release the
constraints on land access and to ensure the respect for rights and obligations between all the actors involved in agriculturalleases
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