The Dilemma of TP53 Codon 72 Polymorphism (rs1042522) and Breast Cancer Risk : A Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis in The Iranian Population

The authors would like to thank all participants in this research. We would also like to thank Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and Omid Hospital (Mashhad, Iran) for their support to the project. This work was financially supported by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences under Grant No. 930891. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Global analysis on the mutations associated with multidrug-resistant urogenital mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of genital pathogens, notably Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma spp., constitutes a significant global threat today. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and trend of changes in MDR mycoplasma and ureaplasma strains. Methods An exhaustive search was performed across the ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases to accumulate relevant studies without restrictions until April 2023. We used event rate and corresponding 95% confidence intervals to determine the frequency of resistance-related mutations and examine the trend of antibiotic resistance changes. Results The data from 27 studies, including 24,662 patients across 14 countries, were evaluated. Out of the total studies, 20 focused on M. genitalium infections, and five on Ureaplasma spp. The frequency of resistance-associated mutations to macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones in clinical strains of M. genitalium was 43.5%, 13.1%, and 18.6%, respectively. The prevalence of M. genitalium strains with double resistance and MDR was 11.0% and 17.4%, respectively. The incidence of both double-drug-resistant and MDR strains was higher in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region than in European and American populations. For Ureaplasma strains, resistance-associated mutations to macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones were 40.8%, 25.7%, and 90.3%, respectively. The rate of antibiotic resistance was higher in the African population compared to the European and WHO Western Pacific Regions. The rate of MDR Ureaplasma infections was 13.2%, with a higher incidence in the African population compared to the WHO Western Pacific and European regions. Conclusion The proliferation and spread of MDR Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma strains present a significant public health challenge. The situation is indeed alarming, and the rising trend of MDR M. genitalium and MDR Ureaplasma infections suggests that therapies involving macrolides and fluoroquinolones may become less effective

The role of probiotics as adjunct treatment in the prevention and management of gynecological infections: An updated meta-analysis of 35 RCT studies

Objective: The present study aims to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of probiotics as an adjunct treatment for preventing and treating gynecological infections. Materials and methods: The study adopted a systematic review of scientific databases including PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE, using defined MeSH terms. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were set to refine the search, with the data extraction and quality assessment being conducted by two independent investigators. Results: A total of 35 articles, comprising 3751 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The application of probiotics demonstrated a notable increase in the cure rates of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) as compared to control groups. A significant BV cure rate (OR: 5.972; 95% CI: 2.62–13.59; p-value: 0.01) was noted with probiotic use, which was even more pronounced when used as an adjunctive treatment with antibiotics (OR: 2.504; 95% CI: 1.03–6.06; p-value: 0.04). Additionally, probiotic use significantly reduced the recurrence rates of BV (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.167–0.71; p-value: 0.004). For VVC, a significant increase in the cure rate was observed in the probiotic group (OR: 3.425; 95% CI: 2.404–4.879; p-value: 0.01), along with a lower recurrence rate (OR: 0.325; 95% CI: 0.175–0.606; p-value: 0.01). Conclusion: Our findings underscore the potential role of probiotics as a beneficial adjunctive treatment for gynecological infections, indicating an improved cure rate and decreased recurrence. However, additional well-designed studies are necessary to corroborate these findings

In silico analysis of the substitution mutations and evolutionary trends of the SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins in Asia

OBJECTIVES: To address a highly mutable pathogen, mutations must be evaluated. SARS-CoV-2 involves changing infectivity, mortality, and treatment and vaccination susceptibility resulting from mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the Asian and worldwide samples of amino-acid sequences (AASs) for envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N), and spike (S) proteins from the announcement of the new coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) up to January 2022. Sequence alignment to the Wuhan-2019 virus permits tracking mutations in Asian and global samples. Furthermore, we explored the evolutionary tendencies of structural protein mutations and compared the results between Asia and the globe. RESULTS: The mutation analyses indicated that 5.81%, 70.63%, 26.59%, and 3.36% of Asian S, E, M, and N samples did not display any mutation. Additionally, the most relative mutations among the S, E, M, and N AASs occurred in the regions of 508 to 635 AA, 7 to 14 AA, 66 to 88 AA, and 164 to 205 AA in both Asian and total samples. D614G, T9I, I82T, and R203M were inferred as the most frequent mutations in S, E, M, and N AASs. Timeline research showed that substitution mutation in the location of 614 among Asian and total S AASs was detected from January 2020. CONCLUSION: N protein was the most non-conserved protein, and the most prevalent mutations in S, E, M, and N AASs were D614G, T9I, I82T, and R203M. Screening structural protein mutations is a robust approach for developing drugs, vaccines, and more specific diagnostic tools

Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins: a global analysis

Background: Emergence of new variants mainly variants of concerns (VOC) is caused by mutations in main structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the mutations among structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 globally. Methods: We analyzed samples of amino-acid sequences (AASs) for envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N), and spike (S) proteins from the declaration of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) as pandemic to January 2022. The presence and location of mutations were then investigated by aligning the sequences to the reference sequence and categorizing them based on frequency and continent. Finally, the related human genes with the viral structural genes were discovered, and their interactions were reported. Results: The results indicated that the most relative mutations among the E, M, N, and S AASs occurred in the regions of 7 to 14, 66 to 88, 164 to 205, and 508 to 635 AAs, respectively. The most frequent mutations in E, M, N, and S proteins were T9I, I82T, R203M/R203K, and D614G. D614G was the most frequent mutation in all six geographical areas. Following D614G, L18F, A222V, E484K, and N501Y, respectively, were ranked as the most frequent mutations in S protein globally. Besides, A-kinase Anchoring Protein 8 Like (AKAP8L) was shown as the linkage unit between M, E, and E cluster genes. Conclusion: Screening the structural protein mutations can help scientists introduce better drug and vaccine development strategies