The study of cyst formation in bisexual strains of A. urmiana, A. franciscana and parthenogenetic strians of A. pakistan, A. turkmenistan in laboratory conditions

The study was conducted to achieve growth, survival and reproductive characteristics of four Artemia populations (A.urmiana , A.franciscana , Pakistan strain and Turkmanestan strain). In this study, The strains were cultured under the same and static environment in laboratory condition. All cysts strains were hatched using the standard methods and the nauplii from the populations were cultured in laboratory condition using 80 g/L salinity, 25±1ºC with photoperiod (12L:12D) and Dunalliella tertiolecta were fed. The growth and survival of artemia were determined on days 8, 11, 14, 17 and 20 of culture. Randomly, The adult population were placed in 50 ml conical falcons and reproductive characteristics were determined. The results revealed that the survivorship A. franciscana had the highest survival (%99.8) and A. turkmanestan lowest survival (%92.1) The results revealed that the in growth rate while pakistanian strain had the highest growth rate(8554 micron). The results revealed that the reproductive characteristics in each population of species , the highest cyst production were observed in A. urmiana, A. franciscana and A. turkmanestan strains and the highest nauplii production was due to pakistanian strain. The highest production were observed in A. franciscana and lowest production were observed in turkmanestan strain

Relationship between echogenicity of deep cervical muscles and pain laterality in subjects suffering from cervicogenic headache

Objective: This study investigated the deep upper cervical muscles echogenicity in cervicogenic headache (CGH) patients. Methods: The echogenicity of longus capitis (LCAP), rectus capitis posterior major (RCPM), and obliquus capitis superior (OCS) muscles was measured by ultrasonography and analyzed by Image J software in 17 CGH patients matched with 17 healthy subjects. Results: The echogenicity of all muscles in the CGH group was higher than that in healthy subjects. The echogenicity of the LCAP muscle on the right side was significantly different between the CGH and healthy subjects (p 0.05). Additionally, the echogenicity differences did not match with the pain side in CGH patients (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Only the deep anterior muscle (LCAP) echogenicity affected by CGH and fatty infiltration occurred in this muscle. Hence, anterior muscle dysfunction is important in CGH diagnosis and treatment. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

The Feasibility of Unmanned Tractor Guidance Based on Wireless Video Transmission

Automation of tractors due to their widespread use in different sectors e.g. agriculture, construction and industry have been seriously considered by researchers. In this study a tele-steering system for tractor was designed and constructed to controling and steering so the operator can control the tractor even far away from the stressful condition of tractor cab, . A CCTV camera and an electric motor were used in order to view the path and to rotate the steering shaft accordingly. Bilateral communication between the control center outside the tractor and control unit on the tractor was provided by a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). To evaluate the effect of relevant parameters on system performance camera position, steering shaft rotational speed and tractor ground speed were selected as experimental factors in a completely randomized design. Root mean square of error (RMSE) of lateral deviations and frequency of out of range around the reference route (Nout) were used as criteria in variance analysis. The results for two different ground surfaces with three replications showed that the performance of system had less sensitivity on soil surface and had better stability because of deformable structure and condition of soil compare to asphalt. Steering speed alone had no effect on the accuracy of tractor guidance. This is because the accuracy of the system mainly depends on capability, skillfulness and mental concentration of the operator. The position of the camera installed in front of the tractor had higher accuracy than that of rear camera. Moreover, by increasing ground speed the RMSE of lateral deviations and Nout increased and this is in agreement with the results of previous research works

The Investigation of Drug Addiction Potential among Medical Students: Role of Subjective Components of Anger

Objective: Given that drug addiction is not merely related to a specific individual or group, and few studies have investigated the role of anger in the development of drug addiction, this study was done to investigate the role of the components of anger in predicting addiction potential. Method: A descriptive-correlation research design was used for the conduct of this study. The number of 309 medical students in Kermanshah city was selected using stratified cluster sampling and completed Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS) and Zargar’s addiction potential questionnaire. Results: The results showed that ate anger, trait anger, anger expression-out (AXO), anger expression-in (AXI), the overall index for the expression of anger were significantly associated with addiction potential. Similarly, anger control-out (ACO), anger control-in (ACI) were correlated with addiction potential. In addition, the regression analysis results indicated that the components of state anger and anger expression-in (AXI) together can predict 35% of changes related to addiction potential. Conclusion: State anger and anger expression-in (AXI) as subjective components of anger have a significant role in predicting addiction potential among medical students. Anger management programs for medical students, as the most important segment of the society in the field of public health, are recommended to assign more credit to these two components

Relationship between cross sectional area of Longus Colli muscle and pain laterality in patients with cervicogenic headache

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cervicogenic headache (CGH) originated from impaired cervical musculoskeletal structures. Dysfunction of deep neck flexor muscles has been reported in CGH subjects. The purpose of this study was to assess relationship between the size of these muscles and headache laterality in CGH subjects. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross sectional single blind study designed to investigate 37 CGH subjects compared with 37 healthy controls. Longus colli (LC) muscle Cross Sectional Area (CSA) in both sides was measured in supine position utilizing diagnostic ultrasonography. RESULTS: The mean CSA of LC muscle in healthy subjects was 0.74 ± 0.06 cm² and in patients suffering from CGH was 0.74 ± 0.06 cm² in left and 0.75 ± 0.06 cm² in right side. No significant difference was found between subjects suffering from CGH compared with healthy controls. Also no difference was found between muscle size of affected and non-affected side in unilateral CGH subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that there was no relationship between size of LC muscle and pain laterality in patients with CGH

Metallurgical and geometrical characterisation of the 316L stainless steel clad deposited on a mild steel substrate

In this study, the characteristics of the clad of 316L stainless steel deposited onto the mild steel substrate was-investigated, in terms of dimensional and metallurgical variation across the length of the tracks. Significant variation in the clad thickness, depth of penetration of the melt pool, and depth of the heat affected zone (HAZ) was observed and correlated with the process parameters including laser power, scan speed, dilution, and specific energy of the laser beam. A significant variation in the clad thickness was observed across the entire length of the tracks. Based on this observation, three zones were identified and their characteristics discussed. Microstructural variation in the clad as well as the HAZ has been presented in detail. Moreover, hardness values ranging between 400-450 HV and 320-380 HV was measured in the deposited tracks with clad thicknesses of 0.5 and 1 mu m, respectively. This was attributed to the presence of fine austenitic grains of the size 4-8 urn. Apart from the minute porosities observed in the dads, micro-cracking on the top surface of the tracks due to residual thermal stresses has also been reported. Lastly, "end-of-track" cracking was noticed in the deposited tracks and the possible mechanisms of crack formation are discussed. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved