Traffic management at junctions along Taft Avenue using graph theory

In order to ease the traffic problem at junctions along Taft Avenue, the use of road manipulation and graph theory concepts have been applied in this paper. After representing the road map in the form of a directed graph, removal of certain traffic flows using genetic algorithm and finding the shortest path using Floyd-Warshall algorithm the result was a new road layout with reduced traffic congestion

Suppression of Engulfment Defects in Bacillus subtilis by Elevated Expression of the Motility Regulon

During Bacillus subtilis sporulation, the transient engulfment defect of spoIIB strains is enhanced by spoVG null mutations and suppressed by spoVS null mutations. These mutations have opposite effects on expression of the motility regulon, as the spoVG mutation reduces and the spoVS mutation increases σ(D)-directed gene expression, cell separation, and autolysis. Elevating σ(D) activity by eliminating the anti-σ factor FlgM also suppresses spoIIB spoVG, and both flgM and spoVS mutations cause continued expression of the σ(D) regulon during sporulation. We propose that peptidoglycan hydrolases induced during motility can substitute for sporulation-specific hydrolases during engulfment. We find that sporulating cells are heterogeneous in their expression of the motility regulon, which could result in phenotypic variation between individual sporulating cells