Controlling Racial and Religious Profiling: Article 14 ECHR Protection v. U.S. Equal Protection Clause Prosecution

In light of the challenges that intelligence-led profiling poses to constitutional provisions against government discrimination, this paper discusses the extent to which, and why, Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights ( ECHR ), as applied in the U.K. through the Human Rights Act 1998 ( HRA ), has a greater potential to control such racial and religious profiling in a counter-terrorism context than does the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. My contentions are, in essence, that: (1) Article 14 has been less chipped away at by judicial manipulation of the definition of discrimination than has the Equal Protection Clause ( EPC ), meaning that judges are less trammelled in their ability to find that prima facie discrimination has occurred, and (2) Article 14 provides the judiciary with the tool of proportionality, making it harder for discrimination to stand up to scrutiny. Section II below explains why this comparison contributes to the profiling debate in both the U.S. and the U.K. Section III introduces the Article 14 analysis and sets out its strengths in comparison to the EPC. Section IV argues for a particular approach to applying Article 14 proportionality to profiling-a practice with which Article 14 has yet to grapple. Finally, Section V will illustrate the impact an Article 14-style analysis would have on EPC jurisprudence by subjecting U.S. cases to Article 14 scrutiny

Mathematics of the Significant Tornado Parameter

The idea of this project came from my curiosity of weather and especially how severe storms are predicted. There are many parameters used to predict severe weather that use mathematical formulas. After sorting through the parameters, the STP was the one selected due to its use of other parameters for prediction of tornadoes, as well as concepts used in Single and Multi-Variable Calculus, such as areas between curves and vector magnitude and direction, and learning how to use new graphs than what is normally used

Testing the peace support operations model with a scenario representing the instability in Sudan

Recent events in Sudan and South Sudan led to the creation of a peace support operations model (PSOM) simulation of the area for peacekeeping planning and analysis. This led to questions about how to best use the PSOM and how the PSOM reacts to certain inputs. Major outputs of the PSOM are population consent for the rulers and the opposition. Designed experiments systematically explored the sensitivity of consent to initial values, showing that initial consent has a strong influence on ending consent, and initial consent values of zero do not allow consent to increase over time. Consent changes for a given course-of-action decrease over time, meaning that a course of action that leads to strong improvement initially will result in less improvement in later periods. The stochastic mode does not affect consent outcomes. An experiment varying courses of action for five factions in the contested Abyei region at the border of Sudan and South Sudan showed that rules of engagement have a significant effect on security and consent values but cluster around a few ending points. Consent values stabilize after about 30 model turns. These findings may be useful for military planners or for those developing training simulations for officers and leaders.http://archive.org/details/testingpeacesupp1094562317Lieutenant, United States NavyApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited