Uveitis in spondyloarthropathies

Background: Uveitis is associated with several systemic disorders. It may be the initial presentation or manifestation of a systemic disease. It is the most common ocular complication and is sometimes the earliest manifestation of spondyloarthropathies. This study aimed to review the current literature on spondyloarthropathies and associated uveitis. Methods: A narrative review was performed using various combinations of the keywords spondyloarthropathies, seronegative spondylarthritis-related uveitis, and human leukocyte antigen-associated uveitis using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar from January 1, 2000, to September 30, 2022. We describe the disease mechanisms, genetics, and classification of spondyloarthropathies, the clinical patterns of their related ocular diseases, and the current modalities for the management of their ocular or systemic manifestations. Results: Seronegative spondyloarthropathies are a group of rheumatic disorders including ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease-related spondyloarthropathy, juvenile-onset spondyloarthritis, and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis. These are characterized by enthesitis in the absence of serum rheumatoid factor and have a strong association with human leukocyte antigen B27. The clinical courses and features of spondyloarthropathies are remarkably diverse. Ocular inflammation is common in spondyloarthropathies, often precedes the onset or diagnosis of systemic disease, and responds well to topical therapy. Timely diagnosis of systemic diseases may improve quality of life and help avoid ocular and skeletal complications. Recurrence of ocular inflammation is frequent; on occasion, it may be associated with etanercept administration. Conclusions: Eye care professionals should be able to recognize spondyloarthropathies, manage ocular disease, and collaborate with related specialties for modification of systemic treatment if associated with ocular complications. Timely referral and early management could attenuate or prevent ocular or systemic morbidities associated with spondyloarthropathies

Antecedents and Outcomes of Consumer Relationship Proneness after Service Failure and Recovery-Moderating Role of Informational Justice: A research on Pakistani Mobile Telecom Industry

The marketing research in services sector has got importance during the last two decades because services sector has dominated by adding profits to service provider businesses and companies and by adding huge income to the economy of almost all countries. This research aims to study the importance of relationship prone consumers when service failure occurs and companies step forward to recover that failure in mobile telecom service services sector in Pakistan. Research tries to put light on the personality traits like social affiliation, social recognition, product category involvement and consumer relationship proneness in generating the attitudinal loyalty i.e. word of mouth after the successful service recovery of any service failure occurred. This research also aims to study the moderating role of informational justice between consumer relationship proneness and word of mouth. Survey method consisting of self administered questionnaires is used to collect data from students, retailers and job holder of Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Dera Ghazi Khan, who faced any kind of service failure regarding mobile telecom services they are using. Structural equation modeling technique is followed to test the relationships among the constructs. It is found that social affiliation, social recognition and product category involvement have got significantly positive relationship with word of mouth after service failure and recovery. Consumer relationship proneness on the other hand is fully mediating the relationship between social affiliation and word of mouth, not mediating the relationship between social recognition and word of mouth and partially mediating the relationship between product category involvement and word of mouth after service failure and recovery. Study finds that informational justice is significantly moderating the relationship between consumer relationship proneness and word of mouth after service failure and recovery. Findings of this study elaborate the significance of relationship prone consumers. Companies can retain these consumers more easily by showing little efforts in recovering the occurrence of possible service failures. Findings of study also have theoretical implications. This research provides the foundations to carry the research on relationship proneness as fruitful personality trait in consumer psychology research. Keywords: Consumer relationship proneness, service failure, service recovery, informational justice, word of mout

Rainfall forecast using SARIMA model along the coastal areas of Sindh Province

Rainfall forecasting is critical for economic activities such as agriculture, watershed management, and flood control. It requires mathematical modelling and simulation. This paper investigates the time series analysis and forecasting of the monthly rainfall for the Sindh coastline, Pakistan. The seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model was used for the last three decades (1991-2020) and forecasting was done for the next two years. The model is based on the Box Jenkins methodology. The decomposition of time series plots into trend, seasonaland random components showed a seasonal effect. The Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and Mann–Kendall (MK) tests showed the inherent stationarity of the rainfall data. The best SARIMA models for monthly rainfall were SARIMA (1,0,1)(3,1,1)12 and SARIMA (1,0,1)(1,1,1)12 with Akaike information criterion corrected (AICC) values of 1507 and 1387, respectively. The model predictions indicate that, in the years 2021/22, July will likely have the most rainfall, followed by August and June. The diagnostic statistical test values directed that the adequacy of the models is consistent for projected monthly rainfall forecasts

Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid in Reducing the Blood Loss During Cesarean Section in Primigravida Patients with Breech Presentation

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid in decreasing blood loss at the caesarian section (CS). METHODOLOGY: A descriptive case series study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. Data were collected from September 24, 2018, to March 24, 2019. A total of 114 term women (18-35 years age)  with singleton term breech cases were analyzed for a period of six months RESULTS: In this study the mean age was 30 years with SD±2.341 and the mean period of gestation was 38 weeks with SD±4.76. Moreover, tranexamic acid was effective in 91% of patients and was not effective in 9% of patients. CONCLUSION: Our study concludes that the efficacy of tranexamic acid was 91% in reducing the blood loss during CS in primigravida patients with breech presentation

Comparison of Histoacryl® plus Lipiodol® versus Histoacryl® plus vitamin D3 in the management of isolated fundal varices: A retrospective comparative study

Objective: According to recent guidelines Histoacryl® (N-butyl-2 -Cyanoacrylate) injection is the first line therapy for the endoscopic obliteration of gastric varices. Lipiodol is commonly used to facilitate injection Histoacryl® but it is expensive. In this study we compare Lipiodol with Vitamin D3 injection as priming agents for Histoacryl injection in terms of efficacy and safety in the management of isolated fundal varices. Methods: This is a retrospective comparative study conducted at Gastroenterology Unit, Lady Reading hospital Peshawar. Patients’ information was collected from March, 2012 to January, 2020 from medical records and statistically analyzed in terms of fundal varices obliteration, re-bleeding, mortality, and adverse events related to treatment. Results: From March, 2012 to January, 2020, 171 patients met the criteria. 7 cases lost follow up, and all the cases in both groups were treated successfully. There were no adverse events related to procedure in either group. Twenty six patients developed upper GI re-bleeding, which did not differ significantly betweenthe twogroups. There was also no difference between the groups in terms of treatment failure, complications, varices obliteration, and mortality. Conclusion: Vitamin D3 is as safe and effective as Lipoidol when used as priming agent for Histoacryl injection for obliteration of isolated fundal varices and can be used as a cheaper alternative to Lipoidol