Minocycline through attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response reduces the neuropathic pain in a rat model of chronic constriction injury

Objectives: Several lines of evidence showed that minocycline possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of minocycline in rats subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI). Materials and Methods: In this study four groups (n = 6-8) of rats were used as follows: Sham, CCI, CCI + minocycline (MIN) 10 mg/Kg (IP) and CCI + MIN 30 mg/Kg (IP). On days 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-surgery hot-plate, acetone, and von Frey tests were carried out. Finally, Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity Evaluation (MNCV) assessment was performed and spinal cords were harvested in order to measure tissue concentrations of TNF_α, IL-1β, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA). Extent of perineural inflammation and damage around the sciatic nerve was histopathologically evaluated. Results: Our results demonstrated that CCI significantly caused hyperalgesia and allodynia twenty-one days after CCI. MIN attenuated heat hyperalgesia, cold and mechanical allodynia and MNCV in animals. MIN also decreased the levels of TNF_α and IL-1β. Antioxidative enzymes (SOD, MDA, and GPx) were restored following MIN treatment. Our findings showed that MIN decreased perineural inflammation around the sciatic nerve. According to the results, the neuropathic pain reduced in the CCI hyperalgesia model using 30 mg/kg of minocycline. Conclusion: It is suggested that antinociceptive effects of minocycline might be mediated through the inhibition of inflammatory response and attenuation of oxidative stress

Solitary Synchronous Pancreatic Metastasis from Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report

Pancreas is an organ that is hardly affected by metastasis from other primary cancers; also, pancreatic metastasis from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an extremely infrequent entity. Metastatic esophageal cancer has a poor prognosis and the five-year survival rate is less than 5%. Here, we described a rare case of a 78-year-old woman presented with abdominal bloating, intermittent mild nausea, and loss of appetite and weight. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed ESCC in the upper part of esophagus. A mass lesion between the head and body of pancreas was detected during metastatic work-up. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration was performed, morphologic features and immunohistochemistry confirmed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma from esophagus. Definitive chemoradiotherapy with curative intent was done on both oesophageal and pancreatic lesion. Interestingly, after nine months of treatment, the patient had no issues either in esophagus or in abdomen. In conclusion, local therapy could be considered as one of the best choices to improve the overall survival in ESCC with single metastasis to pancreas

Effect of Testosterone Enanthate Modeling of Polycystic Ovary on Liver Irs-2 mRNA Expression in Rats: A Brief Report

هناك العديد من النماذج الحيوانية لتكيس المبايض (PCO). يعد استخدام إينونثات التستوستيرون الخارجي إحدى طرق تحريض هذه النماذج. ومع ذلك ، يجب أيضًا دراسة تحريض مقاومة الأنسولين في تقنيات النماذج. لذلك ، تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى التحقق من تعبير ركيزة مستقبلات الأنسولين (Irs) -2 mRNA في أنسجة الكبد لنموذج PCO الفئران. تم تقسيم تسعة عشر من قئران ويستار إلى ثلاث مجموعات. (1) تلقت مجموعة نمذجة PCO (N = 7) يوميًا 1.0 مجم / 100 جرام من إينونثات التستوستيرون المذاب في زيت الزيتون جنبًا إلى جنب مع الوصول الحر الى ماء الدكستروز ذي  التركيز 5 ٪ ، (2) مجموعة المركبات (N = 6) ، والتي تم التعامل معها مثل مجموعة PCO ، لكنهم لم يتلقوا إينونثات التستوستيرون، (3) مجموعة التحكم (N = 6) مع الرعاية المنتظمة. تم حقن جميع الحيوانات داخل الصفاق لمدة 14 يومًا. تمت دراسة التعبير عن Irs-2 mRNA باستخدام PCR في الوقت الفعلي وتم الإبلاغ عن تغييرات الطي (FC). تم اعتبار متوسط التعبير في المجموعة الضابطة بمثابة المعيار. تم العثور على حوالي 13.4 ٪ تقليل التعبير في مجموعة PCO (FC = 0.874 ، قيمة P = 0.043). لم يتم العثور على انخفاض كبير في مجموعة المركبات (FC = 0.951 ، قيمة P = 0.076). ومع ذلك ، لم يُظهر تحليل التباين فرقًا معنويًا بين جميع مجموعات الدراسة (قيمة P = 0.085). قد يؤدي النموذج الحالي لـ PCO إلى مقاومة الأنسولين على مستوى الكبد بحجم تأثير منخفض عن طريق تقليل تعبير mRNA عن Irs-2. يُقترح دراسة الجينات والجزيئات المعنية في الأنسجة الأخرى لنماذج حيوانية PCO.There are many animal models for polycystic ovary (PCO); using exogenous testosterone enanthate is one of the methods of induction of these models. However, induction of insulin resistance should also be studied in the modeling technics. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the expression of insulin receptor substrate (Irs)-2 mRNA in the liver tissue of rat PCO model. Nineteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups; (1) PCO modeling group (N =7) received daily 1.0 mg/100g testosterone enanthate solved in olive oil along with free access dextrose water 5%, (2) vehicle group (N =6), which handled like the PCO group, but did not receive testosterone enanthate, (3) control group (N =6) with standard care. All the animals were administered via intra-peritoneal injection for 14 days. Expression of Irs-2 mRNA was studied with real-time PCR and fold changes (FC) were reported. The average of expression in the control group was considered as the calibrator. About 13.4% expression reduction was found in the PCO group (FC =0.874, P-value =0.043). No significant reduction was found in the vehicle group (FC =0.951, P-value =0.076). However, analysis of variance did not show a significant difference between all the groups of study (P-value =0.085). The present model of PCO might induce insulin resistance at liver level with a low effect size via reduction in the mRNA expression of Irs-2. Study of the involved genes and molecules in other tissues of PCO animal models is suggested