6 research outputs found
A rare presentation of an enlarged isthmus of a horse shoe kidney composed of a well-differentiated renal architecture
Unilateral isolated incompletely duplicated ureter
The aim of this study was to report a congenital anomaly in a cadaveric dissection. During routine undergraduate dissection in a middle-aged male cadaver, we found that on the left side, there was a presence of an incompletely duplicated ureter. On the right side the ureter was single in its whole extent. No other congenital anomaly was found to be associated with this. The two limbs of the left ureter joined at about a distance of 5 cm from the bladder wall.
A duplicated ureter is commonly found in association with other congenital anomalies and defects. The present case report describes a rare case of an isolated duplicated ureter with a normal kidney, urinary bladder, and renal vessels. This case report adds on to the literature and will be helpful and interesting for the surgeons. The possible embryological reasons for the formation of a duplicated ureter will be discussed
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-GB">Brugia malayi</span></i><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-GB"> abundant larval transcript 2 protein treatment attenuates experimentally-induced colitis in mice</span>
732-739Helminths are known to modulate host’s
immunity by suppressing host protective pro-inflammatory responses. Such
immunomodulatory effects have been experimentally shown to have therapeutic
implications in immune mediated disorders. In the present study, we have
explored a filarial protein i.e. Brugia
malayi recombinant abundant larval transcript 2 (rBmALT2) for its
therapeutic effect in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in mouse
model. The immunomodulatory activity of rBmALT-2 was initially confirmed by
demonstrating that it suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric
oxide synthesis and down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines
in vitro by peritoneal exudate cells
of mice. Treatment with rBmALT2 reduced severity of colitis associated with
significant reduction in weight loss, disease activity, colon damage, mucosal
edema and histopathological score including myeloperoxidase activity in colon
tissues. rBmALT2 was comparatively more effective in attenuation of colitis
when used in the preventive mode than when used for curative purpose. The
therapeutic effect of rBmALT2 was found to be associated with downregulation of
IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17 and upregulation of IL-10 cytokines. These results provide
strong experimental evidence that BmALT2 could be a potential alternative
therapeutic agent in colitis
Chromosomal aberrations in couples with pregnancy loss: A retrospective study
Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss is a challenging reproductive problem, and chromosomal anomalies approximately affect 2%–8% of couples with recurrent pregnancy loss. The chromosomal abnormality, especially balanced translocation rearrangement in either parent, is the important cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the role and prevalence of chromosomal anomalies in recurrent miscarriages. The results will be helpful for counseling and make the decision for alternative options and precaution for the affected couples and also support to make a national database. Settings and Design: The present retrospective study was carried out in 172 couples (344 individuals) having the history of three or more recurrent spontaneous abortion. The cytogenetic analysis was done in all 344 individuals using G-banding and karyotyping. Results: Out of 172 couples, 17 couples (9.88%) had different types of structural or numerical chromosomal abnormalities. The structural aberrations were observed in 15 (8.72%) couples, and numerical aberrations were seen in 2 (1.16%) couples. Out of 17 couples, 8 (47.05%) had balanced translocations, 2 (11.76%) had the Robertsonian translocation, 5 (29.41%) had the pericentric inversion of chromosome 8, 9, and Y, and only 2 (11.76%) women showed sex chromosome numerical aberrations. Conclusions: Cytogenetic analysis should be an important routine investigation in couples with repeated miscarriages. Cytogenetic analysis is essential and helpful for genetic counseling to take precaution and implementing proper reproductive alternatives. Studies on the genetic basis of pregnancy loss should be taken up to generate data on these issues from different regions