Invasive monitoring of the clinical effects of high intra-abdominal pressure for insertion of the first trocar.

Background: To analyze the effects of transitory, high intra-abdominal pressure on clinical, hemodynamic, blood gas and metabolic parameters.

Methods: Sixty-seven laparoscopic patients were divided into groups P12 (n = 30, maximum intra-abdominal pressure of 12 mmHg) and P20 (n = 37, maximum intra-abdominal pressure of 20 mmHg). Through radial artery cannulation, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was assessed and blood gas analysis – pH, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3) and base excess (BE) – was performed. These parameters were evaluated in both groups at time point zero, before CO2 insufflation; at time point one (TP1), when intra-abdominal pressure of 12 mmHg was reached in both groups; at time point two (TP2), 5 minutes after reaching intra-abdominal pressure of 12 mmHg in group P12 and of 20 mmHg in group P20; and at time point three (TP3), 10 minutes after reaching intra-abdominal pressure of 12 mmHg in group P12 and 10 minutes after TP1 in group P20, when intra-abdominal pressure decreased from 20 mmHg to 12 mmHg. Values out of the normal range or the occurrence of atypical phenomena suggestive of organic disease indicated clinical changes.

Results: Significant variations in MAP, pH, HCO3 and BE were observed in group P20; these changes, however, were within normal limits. Clinical changes were also within normal limits, and no pathological phenomena were observed.

Conclusions: Brief, intra-abdominal hypertension for the insertion first trocar insertion causes variations in MAP, pH, HCO3 and BE without adverse effects, and it may protect from iatrogenic injury

Relationship of arterial and exhaled CO2 during elevated artificial pneumoperitoneum pressure for introduction of the first trocar.

The present study evaluated the correlation between arterial CO2 and exhaled CO2 during brief high-pressure pneumoperitoneum. Patients were randomly distributed into two groups: P12 group (n=30) received a maximum intraperitoneal pressure of 12mmHg, and P20 group (n=37) received a maximum intraperitoneal pressure of 20mmHg. Arterial CO2 was evaluated by radial arterial catheter and exhaled CO2 was measured by capnometry at the following time points: before insufflation, once intraperitoneal pressure reached 12mmHg , 5 minutes after intraperitoneal pressure reached 12mmHg for the P12 group or 20mmHg for the P20 group, and 10 minutes after intraperitoneal pressure reached 12mmHg for the P12 group or when intraperitoneal pressure had decreased from 20mmHg to 12mmHg, for the P20 group. During brief durations of very high intraperitoneal pressure (20mmHg), there was a strong correlation between arterial CO2 and exhaled CO2. Capnometry can be effectively used to monitor patients during transient increases in artificial pneumoperitoneum pressure

Recomendações para o monitoramento de cigarras [Quesada gigas (Olivier), Hemiptera: Cicadidae] em reflorestamentos com paricá [Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby].

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Spatial distribution and gallery depths of Quesada gigas nymphs in parica plantations.

Objetivou-se determinar o padrão de distribuição espacial de ninfas de Quesada gigas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) em plantios de paricá (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum, Fabaceae), bem como os estádios de desenvolvimento mais comuns encontrados e as profundidades das galerias das ninfas no solo. Foram selecionados dois talhões em função da intensidade de dano, com mais e menos danos visíveis. Em cada um, foi escolhida aleatoriamente uma área de 10 × 12 m, subdividida em quadrantes de um metro quadrado. Nesses quadrantes, foram contabilizadas as ninfas, as galerias e suas distâncias dos eixos (X e Y) dos quadrantes, e as profundidades (Z) das galerias. Foi realizada uma abordagem da distribuição espacial, utilizando-se índices de variância/média. Observou-se que as ninfas possuem hábito gregário, não necessariamente ao redor da árvore atacada, que as mais comumente encontradas foram as de quarto e quinto ínstares e que a profundidade das galerias variou de oito a 35 cm, independentemente das intensidades de ataque

Influência dos defeitos na qualidade intrínseca de couros bovinos.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a influência dos defeitos provocados por ectoparasitas (ácaros, fungos e berne cicatrizado), corte cicatrizado decorrente do manejo (risco cicatrizado) e marca a fogo, na qualidade intrínseca de couros bovinos. Todos os defeitos interferiram negativamente (P<0,05) na resistência dos couros à tração. A cicatriz de berne prejudicou a resistência dos couros ao rasgamento (P<0,05), e a dermatite causada por ácaro, bactéria ou fungo apresentou comportamento inverso ao esperado (P<0,05), com maiores valores para as amostras que apresentavam os defeitos. Concluiu-se que os defeitos influenciam negativamente a qualidade intrínseca dos couros bovinos.bitstream/item/61170/1/PROCI-2012.00063.pd