Medication Overuse Headache: A Reason of Headache Which Is Common And Preventable

Recently, information about migraine which is generally characterized with attacks has gradually increased. In some patients with migraine, progression may be observed such that the frequency and time of the attacks are increased and an attack lasts for days. This condition is called chronic migraine (CM). According to the last classification, chronic migraine is defined as headache which occurs 15 days a month or more frequently at least 8 of which show the characteristic properties of migraine or response to migraine-specific treatment. The diagnostic cirteria of chronic migraine, its differences from other chronic daily headaches and the question if it is a migraine form with a high frequency which transforms from episodic migraine or a completely different pathophysiological picture are still contradictory. Clarifying these issues is possible with clinical studies as well as increasing the studies directed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms

Importance of latency and amplitude values of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy in diabetic patients

Background: Diabetes mellitus may cause degeneration in the myelin and/or axonal structures of peripheral nerves. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diabetic neuropathy on intraoperative neuromonitoring findings such as latency and amplitude values of the recurrent laryngeal nerves during thyroidectomy. To our knowledge this is the first study to report comparison of the electrophysiologic features of diabetic and non-diabetic patients

Prognosis and Clinical Features of Idiopathic Generalised Epilepsy Patients Older Than 40 Years

Introduction: Idiopathic generalised epilepsies (IGE) are usually seen in the first two decades of life. There is a paucity of data of these patients when they get older

Galactosemia and phantom absence seizures

Generalized and focal seizures can rarely be seen in galactosemia patients, but absence seizures were not reported previously. An 18-year-old male was diagnosed as galactosemia at the age of 8 months. No family history of epilepsy was present. His absence seizures realized at the age of 9 years. Generalized 3-4 Hz spike-wave discharges were identified in his electroencephalography. Homozygous mutation at exon 6 c. 563A > G was identified. The electroencephalogram of his sibling was unremarkable. Our aim was to present the long-term follow-up of a patient diagnosed with galactosemia, who had phantom absence seizures and typical 3-4 Hz spike-wave discharges in his electroencephalogram to draw attention to this rare association

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials In Patients With Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

WOS: 000390945000002While a small number of studies dealing with somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) have demonstrated hyperexcitability in the primary somatosensory cortex of juve-nile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) patients, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be illuminated. Determination of higher cortical SEP responses in some JME patients and recordings of very high amplitude responses, called "giant SEP," in a specific subgroup may indicate a clinical and possibly genetic heterogeneity within JME patients. In the present review, the findings of previous studies concerned with SEP in JME patients are summarized, and their importance regarding JME etiopathogenesis and related clinical findings is discussed

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Findings in Photosensitive Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

Studies investigating the pathophysiology of epileptic photosensitivity indicate variable involvement of particular brain regions. Our aim was to identify metabolic differences between photosensitive idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) patients and nonphotosensitive IGE patients and normal healthy subjects by using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)

Investigation of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Findings in Patients with Absence Status Epilepticus

Objective: Absence status epilepticus (ASE) has been well recognized for many years, but its pathophysiology has not yet been illuminated and there are speculations about GABAergic mechanisms. We aimed to study the etiopathogenesis of ASE by using magnetic resonance-spectroscopy (MRS), which gives in vivo information about neuronal loss and/or dysfunction by correlating the results with age- and sex-matched normal healthy controls (HC)

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Findings in Photosensitive Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

WOS: 000274832000007PubMed ID: 20307015Studies investigating the pathophysiology of epileptic photosensitivity indicate variable involvement of particular brain regions. Our aim was to identify metabolic differences between photosensitive idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) patients and nonphotosensitive IGE patients and normal healthy subjects by using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). Fourteen patients diagnosed with photosensitive IGE were investigated. The control groups consisted of 14 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers and 14 IGE patients without photosensitivity. MRS measurements of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), creatine (Cr) were performed in the frontal and occipital cortex and the thalamus bilaterally using a stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) technique with a voxel size of 20x20x20 mm. The values of the patients with IGE were compared with those of the normal controls and within subgroups according to the clinical variables by appropriate statistical tests. Photosensitive IGE patients showed significantly decreased concentrations of NAA in the right frontal lobe and left thalamus, decreased NAA/Cr ratio in left thalamus and significantly increased concentrations of Cho/Cr ratio in the right frontal lobe and NAA/Cr in the left occipital lobe when compared to normal controls. Furthermore, left occipital NAA concentration increased and left thalamus NAA/Cr ratios were decreased from the IGE patients without photosensitivity but without reaching statistical significance. Our results support previous MR studies suggesting an asymmetrical neuronal dysfunction in favor of the dominant occipital cortex and thalamus in photosensitive IGE patients

Volumetry of the Thalamus in Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

Objective: Studies aiming to explain the pathophysiology of idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) indicate that the epileptic activity arises from thalamocortical circuitry. The aims of this study were to explore the pathophysiology of IGE using the thalamic volume measurements and to compare the measurement results between subsyndromes of IGE, between different seizure types and between the presence/absence of absence status epilepticus and, finally, to evaluate the effect of the possible differences on pathogenetic mechanisms of IGE