Comparative evaluation of pre and post operative functional outcomes determined by Lysholm knee score of patients undergoing arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the primary stabilizer of the knee joint and prevents the knee against anterior translation. After ACL tears, most patients experience recurrent episodes of instability (give way), pain and decreased function. Purpose of our study was to comparative evaluation of functional outcomes of pre and post operative patients after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction by using Lysholm knee score and its complications.Methods: This is a prospective interventional study which were included total 45 patients undergoing arthroscopic ACL reconstruction by using hamstring autograft. Postoperatively patients were followed up at 6, 9 and 12 months for functional assessment by using Lysholm knee score.Results: After ACL reconstruction increment in mean Lysholm knee score during follow up from 69.33 to 96.03 at final followup (p<0.001) which indicate that significant improvement in functional status of patients.Conclusions: Reconstruction of ACL leads the patient to return to a normal activity level and prevent the occurrence of associate meniscal injury and post-traumatic osteoarthritis. A regular followup based and well-organized rehabilitation program provide a key role in functional outcome of knee after ACL reconstruction

Long-term treatment and poor management of psychiatric manifestations in mesial temporal sclerosis leading to suicidality in a young male

AbstractPsychiatric disorders including anxiety, psychosis, and aggressive behaviors are frequently diagnosed in patients with epilepsy. In this communication, we report a patients with mesial temporal lobe sclerosis with interictal affective-somatoform (dysphoric) disorders who was never treated for psychiatric manifestations, and who deliberately took a massive dose of phenytoin and phenobarbitone with a motive of suicide, resulting in severe combined toxicity. Such unfortunate incidences may be prevented, and quality of life can be improved with early diagnosis, through the selection of the right antiepileptic drugs, reasonable psychiatric consultation, and appropriate biological and psychological treatments

Assessment of awareness towards pharmacovigilance programme of india and reporting of adverse drug reactions among nurses in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The success of PvPI depends upon spontaneous reporting of ADRs by health care professionals especially nurses as they are usually first contact persons for patients in case of ADRs after use of medicines. Underreporting of ADRs due to inadequate reporting culture among health care professionals is the main hindrance in the path of this programme. So, to assess the awareness, attitude and practices of nurses regarding PvPI and ADR reporting this study was undertaken.Methods: It was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study in which 130 nurses responded. The 12-items questionnaire feedback form provided by Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) was used to assess the awareness of nurses towards pharmacovigilance programme and Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting practices.Results: After analysing the questionnaire, it was observed that, despite satisfactory level of awareness and interest of the nurses to participate in this programme, still there is meagre ADR reporting practices among the nurses.Conclusions: Lack of reporting culture and improper communication is the root of problem which should be overcome in future by proper training for patient safety

Intracellular locations of replication proteins and the origin of replication during chromosome duplication in the slowly growing human pathogen Helicobacter pylori

We followed the position of the replication complex in the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori using antibodies raised against the single-stranded DNA binding protein (HpSSB) and the replicative helicase (HpDnaB). The position of the replication origin, oriC, was also localized in growing cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with fluorescence-labeled DNA sequences adjacent to the origin. The replisome assembled at oriC near one of the cell poles and the two forks moved together toward the cell center as replication progressed in the growing cell. Termination and resolution of the forks occurred near midcell, on one side of the septal membrane. The duplicated copies of oriC did not separate until late in elongation, when the daughter chromosomes segregated into bilobed nucleoids, suggesting sister chromatid cohesion at or near the oriC region. Components of the replication machinery, viz., HpDnaB and HpDnaG (DNA primase), were found associated with the cell membrane. A model for the assembly and location of the H. pylori replication machinery during chromosomal duplication is presented

Capsaicinoids Content of Some Indigenous Capsicum Varieties of Assam, India

Seven indigenous varieties of capsicum belonging to five different species available locally in Assam were collected and evaluated for capsaicinoids content with a view to assess their relative potency and/or hotness in order to ensure the functional as well as the nutritional quality of capsicum. These include Capsicum annum (Jati Jolokia), Capsicum baccatum (Ohm Jolokia), Capsicum chinense (Bhut Jolokia), Capsicum frutescens (Dhan Jolokia, Maam Jolokia, Totta Bias) and Capsicum pubescens (Bhikue Jolokia). The word Jolokia usually refers to the vernacular (Assamese) name of capsicum or chilli that is often used just after the particular local name of the capsicum variety as mentioned above by the local people of Assam. Results indicate that Bhut Jolokia (Capsicum chinense) and Dhan Jolokia (Capsicum frutescens) possess comparatively higher amount of capsaicinoids (>2%) than other varieties of capsicum. The capsaicinoids content of Bhut Jolokia (2.45%) was still higher than that of Dhan Jolokia (2.14%). Different varieties of capsicum with decreasing order of their capsaicinoids content are as follows: Bhut Jolokia (2.45%) > Dhan Jolokia (2.14%) > Maam Jolokia (1.38%) > Bhikue Jolokia (0.92) > Ohm Jolokia (0.67%) > Jati Jolokia (0.51%) > Totta bias (0.25%). It is very interesting that in addition to Bhut Jolokia, the hottest capsicum of the world, another potential and hot capsicum variety i.e., Dhan Jolokia has been evolved. However, our present study was an attempt to identify such potential and hot capsicum varieties available locally in Assam for the production of capsaicinoids at large in order to meet the increasing demand of capsicum or capsaicinoids in the global market. Furthermore, large scale cultivation and proper utilization of these indigenous capsicum varieties will help improve the agricultural economy of the state and the country as a whole. Keywords: indigenous, Bhut Jolokia, Dhan Jolokia, capsaicioids, climatic condition, capsaici

Pattern of adverse drug reactions reported at a tertiary care teaching hospital in northern India

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are among the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospital setup. This study was conducted with the aim of understanding the pattern and occurrence of ADRs to minimize their risk and safeguard public health.Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of pattern of ADRs reported at ADR monitoring centre (AMC) in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 207 spontaneous ADR reports collected over a period of 18 months were analysed for pattern and type of reactions, demographic profile of patients, organ system affected by ADRs, causative drugs, route of drug administration, severity of reaction, their outcome, management and causality assessment.Results: Most common age group affected by ADRs was 41-50 years with almost equal involvement of male and female gender. Cutaneous reactions involving skin like rashes and itching were most common ADRs. The most common causative drug for ADRs were antimicrobials agents like Penicillin and Cephalosporin group of antibiotics. Orally administered drugs were most commonly involved in causing ADRs. Most of the ADRs belonged to Type A category, were non-serious and moderate in severity. Most of the patients recovered from the ADRs on stopping the suspected drug. On assessing the causality, most of the ADRs were probable with the suspected drugs.Conclusions: Most of the patients recover from ADRs with appropriate and timely intervention, but it is important to understand the pattern and occurrence of ADRs for patient safety and this is possible only with an effective and robust pharmacovigilance system