4,846 research outputs found
Predicting reading recovery selection and outcomes : is it possible? : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education (Literacy) at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand
Purpose: Predictive early literacy assessments are useful to identify students who are at risk of reading difficulty. This study investigated the use of six early literacy assessments, administered when students first entered school (Time 1), and in the middle of their first year at school (Time 2), in order to predict which students would be selected for Reading Recovery and to identify the Reading Recovery (RR) outcomes for students who participated in the intervention.
Method: Unpublished data from a longitudinal study (Early Literacy Project, Chapman, Arrow, Tunmer, & Braid, 2016) was analysed to find predictive links between assessment results and later reading outcomes, for a cohort of 300 5-year-old children in New Zealand primary schools.
Results: It was not possible to predict which students would be selected for Reading Recovery due to the variations in RR selection processes. It was found that children who participated in RR were more likely to be referred on for further support the lower their phonological awareness scores were. It was also found that if a child scored 20 points or less, in a combination of Time 1 assessments (letter names, letter sounds and three measures of phonological awareness), they were likely to have a body of literacy abilities that meant they would be working at least a year below the National Standard by the end of their second year at school.
Implications: The findings indicate that standardising the selection of students for RR may mean students with the lowest literacy attainment all get support. In addition, early literacy assessments, including measures of phonological awareness, should be administered early in a child’s schooling and those identified as being at risk of reading difficulty should receive literacy support without delay. Addressing students’ low levels of phonological awareness in the first year of schooling may lead to better outcomes for students who participate in RR.
Keywords: phonological awareness, Reading Recovery, early literacy assessment, letter names, letter sounds, New Zealand, timing of assessment, vocabular
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David Martin: my teacher, or, a way of seeing
David Martin’s sociology of religion embodied an expansive vision of religion, one that encompassed the entirety of human and social experience: its political, national, economic, aesthetic, poetical and spiritual-religious orientations, and the complexities of their institutional arrangements, entanglements and compromises with one another. David’s sociology was not formulaic; it was a constant struggle – a struggle for understanding the motives, forms and patterns of human behaviour as these changed and shifted under changing circumstances. David was extraordinarily sensitive to the importance of the historical context, and especially the effects of modernity, in all its different guises, on the great cultural traditions of Western civilisation: Christianity and Western ‘high culture’ - the ‘Western canon’ of European art, music, literature and poetry. For David, the former presented the best account of human life; the latter, the pinnacles of human creative and imaginative achievement. As my doctoral supervisor, he also helped me to see and understand the persistence, revival and evolution of that other great European cultural tradition, the Classical tradition, the civilisation of the ancient Greek and Roman worlds, in the modern world. Like its Biblical, Judaeo-Christian, counterpart, the Classical tradition has offered, well into the twentieth century, a powerful repertoire of cultural themes, images and symbols of human existence. This repertoire was often seen to parallel and complement the Biblical repertoire, while in its artistic, musical, and literary manifestations, would form the basis of the ‘Western canon’. Modern cultural movements, and especially the expressive and utilitarian revolutions of the 1960s, would set out to break these great images of the axial age. David’s mission would be to restore them
Which infinite abelian groups admit an almost maximally almost-periodic group topology?
A topological group G is said to be almost maximally almost-periodic if its
von Neumann radical is non-trivial, but finite. In this paper, we prove that
every abelian group with an infinite torsion subgroup admits a (Hausdorff)
almost maximally almost-periodic group topology. Some open problems are also
formulated
Tumor control probability analysis for single fraction carbon ion radiotherapy of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer
学位記番号:医博甲171
The First Stars: A Low-Mass Formation Mode
We perform numerical simulations of the growth of a Population III stellar
system under photodissociating feedback. We start from cosmological initial
conditions at z = 100, self-consistently following the formation of a minihalo
at z = 15 and the subsequent collapse of its central gas to high densities. The
simulations resolve scales as small as ~ 1 AU, corresponding to gas densities
of 10^16 cm^-3. Using sink particles to represent the growing protostars, we
evolve the stellar system for the next 5000 years. We find that this emerging
stellar group accretes at an unusually low rate compared with minihalos which
form at earlier times (z = 20 - 30), or with lower baryonic angular momentum.
The stars in this unusual system will likely reach masses ranging from < 1
M_sun to 5 M_sun by the end of their main-sequence lifetimes, placing them in
the mass range for which stars will undergo an asymptotic giant branch (AGB)
phase. Based upon the simulation, we predict the rare existence of Population
III stars that have survived to the present day and have been enriched by mass
overflow from a previous AGB companion.Comment: 19 pages, 17 figures, to apper in Ap
A level-set approach for stochastic optimal control problems under controlled-loss constraints
We study a family of optimal control problems under a set of controlled-loss
constraints holding at different deterministic dates. The characterization of
the associated value function by a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation usually
calls for additional strong assumptions on the dynamics of the processes
involved and the set of constraints. To treat this problem in absence of those
assumptions, we first convert it into a state-constrained stochastic target
problem and then apply a level-set approach. With this approach, the state
constraints can be managed through an exact penalization technique
Constraining the Statistics of Population III Binaries
We perform a cosmological simulation in order to model the growth and
evolution of Population III (Pop III) stellar systems in a range of host
minihalo environments. A Pop III multiple system forms in each of the ten
minihaloes, and the overall mass function is top-heavy compared to the
currently observed initial mass function in the Milky Way. Using a sink
particle to represent each growing protostar, we examine the binary
characteristics of the multiple systems, resolving orbits on scales as small as
20 AU. We find a binary fraction of ~36%, with semi-major axes as large as 3000
AU. The distribution of orbital periods is slightly peaked at < 900 yr, while
the distribution of mass ratios is relatively flat. Of all sink particles
formed within the ten minihaloes, ~50% are lost to mergers with larger sinks,
and ~50% of the remaining sinks are ejected from their star-forming disks. The
large binary fraction may have important implications for Pop III evolution and
nucleosynthesis, as well as the final fate of the first stars.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, to appear in MNRA
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