A historical study of the founding and development of Tuskegee Institute

Tuskegee Institute was established by an act of the General Assembly of Alabama on February 12, 1881, and Booker T. Washington opened the school on July 4 of that year to become its founder and first principal. Mr. Washington’s aim was to educate the head, the heart, and the hand, and through his students, transmit this learning to the community. He was committed to industrial, not liberal education, for the recently emancipated black population. Tuskegee Institute’s historical controversial philosophy of industrial education has been the subject of much criticism by some black leaders. Washington’s critics felt that the educational program at Tuskegee Institute was not in the best interest of black youth. There was also concern that Washington’s philosophy of education and his philosophy of race relations would force the Negro into a second slavery

In a dry season

By day, the swamp is birds: birds that fish the dark channels, hunt the tangles, crow or sing in the tree tops. Wild canaries flit like green and yellow gnats among the vines, hell-divers and coots squabble and splash in the shallows, herons stalk solemnly through the reeds, egrets perch and preen on their junk-heap nests, woodpeckers rattle busily in the trees, scrub jays scream and limpkins moan. Always, overhead, sometimes nearly out of sight, turkey-buzzards soar. There are a pair of bald eagles, too, that nest in a dead cypress tree deep in the swamp and four or five families of fish-hawks. Song birds carol in the jungle and other birds scream or whistle or hoot. There's one that makes a clattering noise like a cracked bell

Elite athletes in flow : the psychology of optimal sport experience

An interpretive investigation of flow was conducted, involving both qualitative and quantitative methods of inquiry. The underlying purpose of the investigation was to gain an in-depth understanding of the flow state as experienced by elite athletes, including know ledge of those factors which may help or hinder flow from occurring. Twenty-eight elite-level athletes representing seven sports--track and field, cycling, triathlon, swimming, rowing, field hockey, and rugby--were the participants in this investigation. The athletes had all competed at an international level in their sport. Fourteen of the athletes were from Australia and 14 from New Zealand. Fourteen were females, and 14 males. The age range of the athletes was 18 to 35 years. Four purposes were addressed. The first purpose was to examine the flow state as it is experienced by elite athletes, and to ascertain whether athletes' experience of flow paralleled Csikszentmihalyi's (1990) model of the flow state. A combination of deductive and inductive content analyses of the 336 descriptors of flow confirmned that athletes' flow experiences did parallel the theoretical descriptions of flow forwarded by Csikszentmihalyi

The effects of selected soaps upon the removal of soil from dacron-and-cotton and similar all-cotton fabrics

One of the best selling fabrics on the market today is the dynamic blend of 65 per cent Dacron1 35 per cent cotton. A great variety in styling is now available and is making the influence of the fabric widespread. It is being used in men's dress and sport shirtings, ladies' dresses and blouses, and is expected to gain in the sportswear and suiting fields with a carry-over into all-season apparel. Even though fabrics made of this blend are higher in price, recent studies have shown that the price-conscious consumer will frequently buy a Dacron-and-cotton garment. Dacron-and-cotton and all-cotton fabrics look the same and it is only after several wearings and laundering that the superior performance of this blend is definitely established. As a result of studies it has been concluded that the Dacron-and-cotton blend offers better long-term value in looks, performance, and minimum care.

School as community or school in community : conflicting values in control and professional responsibility

The purpose of this research was to study (1) the dilemma of teachers' professional demands versus community expectations and (2) the issues regarding local control of schools versus centralization and the relationship between these two issues. The history of a particular community is first presented, followed by historical research based on the revisionist works of Michael Katz, David Tyack and Carol Kaestle to reveal some of the origins and dimensions of the dilemma involved in professional versus community control. Using the methodology of Alan Peshkin, who studied the effects of centralization upon a community, six retired community teachers and a school principal were interviewed. Following each interview, an interpretation was given. A collective analysis of the interviews was then presented

Living arrangements and housing conditions of selected old age assistance recipients in three Mississippi counties, 1965-1973

The purpose of the study was to determine the living arrangements and housing conditions of forty Old Age Assistance recipients in three Mississippi counties—Copiah, Hinds, and Madison—who participated in a 1965 study made by Crocker. Data were collected by personal interview and from case records of the subjects. Five hypotheses were tested: three taken from Crocker's study and two concerning changes in living arrangements and housing conditions. Living arrangements and housing conditions of the subjects were tested with six variables (age, sex, race, marital status, place of residence, and health) for significant relationships. Statistically significant relationships were found to exist between: the living arrangements of the recipients and their race, health, and marital status; the living arrangements of the subjects and their housing conditions; and the presence of plumbing facilities in the dwellings of the OAA recipients and in the year round housing units of the three counties. Respondents who were white, confined to their homes, or not married were most likely to be living in the home of a relative or in an institution. Housing conditions were better for those subjects living out of their homes. Less than two-thirds of the dwellings occupied by the OAA recipients had all plumbing facilities in contrast to almost 90 percent of the year round housing units in the counties with all facilities

Three-Year Trajectory of Teachers’ Fidelity to a Drug Prevention Curriculum

Little is known about the trajectories over time of classroom teachers’ fidelity to drug prevention curricula. Using the “Concerns-Based Adoption Model” (C-BAM) as a theoretical framework, we hypothesized that teachers’ fidelity would improve with repetition. Participants comprised 23 middle school teachers who videotaped their administration of three entire iterations of the All Stars curriculum. Investigators coded two key curriculum lessons, specifically assessing the proportion of activities of each lesson teachers attempted and whether they omitted, added, or changed prescribed content, or delivered it using new methods. Study findings provided only partial support for the C-BAM model. Considerable variability in teachers’ performance over time was noted, suggesting that their progression over time may be nonlinear and dynamic, and quite possibly a function of their classroom and school contexts. There was also evidence that, by their third iteration of All Stars, teachers tended to regress toward the baseline mean. That is, the implementation quality of those that started out with high levels of fidelity tended to degrade, while those that started out with very low fidelity to the curriculum tended to improve. Study findings suggest the need for ongoing training and technical assistance, as well as “just in time” messages delivered electronically; but it is also possible that some prevention curricula may impose unrealistic expectations or burdens on teachers’ abilities and classroom time

Composing Passionate Selves: Using Service-learning to Move Students from a Place of Conflict to a Place of Resolution

While the civic side of service-learning is easily recognizable, the academic portion of service-learning remains somewhat unclear; however, we do know that service-learning can effectively facilitate the acquisition of knowledge. But the big question remains--HOW? How does service-learning effectively facilitate the acquisition of knowledge? In looking at the composition classroom, we must look deeper into this question and ask: How does service-learning effectively facilitate the acquisition of stronger writing skills? My dissertation will explicitly explore these two problematic areas as well as give practitioners and scholars valuable information and pedagogical techniques for implementing service-learning in their composition classrooms. Methods of evaluation for this study will include research and theory on service-learning and composition

The effects of zinc nutrition on the copper and iron status of the young rat

The purpose of this study was to investigate the copper-zinc-iron interrelationship at low to normal levels of dietary zinc intake. The effects of supplements of copper, iron, and zinc on growth and mineral metabolism of young rats fed zinc deficient diets were observed over a period of four weeks. Results of the experiments indicated that a ten ppm zinc supplement prevented the depressed growth and high hemoglobin levels of the animals receiving zinc deficient diets. Zinc supplements were associated with decreased liver copper and iron levels, and copper supplements were associated with decreased liver zinc levels. There was some indication that supplemental copper could cause a zinc deficiency in animals receiving marginal zinc diets. The relative proportions of copper, zinc, and iron seem to be an important factor in studying the complex interrelationship between copper, zinc, and iron

Maurice Ravel: Trois Chansons and World War I

Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) began writing "Trois Chansons" in November of 1914 and completed it in February of the following year. Durand Musical Editions published the composition in 1916. The Bathori-Engel Chorus, conducted by Louis Aubert, gave the premiere in October 1917. The compositional time frame coincides with Ravel's numerous attempts to volunteer for military service at the onset of World War I (WWI) and his eventual enlistment in March of 1916. By all accounts, "Trois Chansons" is a unique addition to Ravel's compositional oeuvre. Except for this work, Ravel wrote almost exclusively for instrumental genres; this composition is his only a cappella choral contribution. Additionally, the texts of each chanson are by the composer. The purpose of this document is to demonstrate that "Trois Chansons" represents a level of involvement in WWI through composition and contains Ravel's both explicit and implicit commentary on WWI. This research encompasses general information about "Trois Chansons" and commentary on Ravel's attempts to enlist in the Armée de Terre. Also included are summaries of Ravel's compositional components including text, genre, and personal dedications. Furthermore, this document outlines specific compositional devices utilized in "Trois Chansons" and includes representative musical analysis. Finally, through both compositional components and devices, this study suggests aspects of Ravel's personal commentary on WWI. This document concludes with suggestions for further research on "Trois Chansons." In addition to a compiled bibliography, appendices containing Ravel's original poetry for "Trois Chansons" and conductor's analysis pertaining to each chanson accompany the main body of research