Antidiabetic effects of Centratherum anthelminticum seeds methanolic fraction on pancreatic cells,ß-TC6 and its alleviating role in type 2 diabetic rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance:Seeds of Centratherum anthelminticum (Asteraceae)have been popularly used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat diabetes and skin disorders.Folk medicine from Rayalaseema(Andhra Pradesh,India)reported wide spread usage in diabetes. Aim of the study:To investigate the hypoglycemic properties and mechanism of the me than olic fraction of Centratherum anthelminticum seeds(CAMFs)on mouse ß-TC6 pancreatic cell line and streptozotocin (STZ)induced diabetic rat models. Materials and Methods:We investigated the crude methanolic fraction of Centratherum an thelminticum seeds(CAMFs)on ß-TC6 cellline and confirmed its effects on type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats to understand its mechanism in managing diabetes mellitus.(CAMFs) was initially tested on ß-TC6 cells for cytotoxicity, 2 NBDG glucose uptake,insulin secretion and glucose transporter (GLUT1,2and4)protein expression.Furthermore,streptozotocin(STZ)–induced type 1 diabetic and STZ-nicotinamide–induced type2 diabetic rats were in traperitoneally (i.p)injected or administered orally with CAMFs daily for 28days.The effect of CAMFs on blood glucose and insulin levels was subsequently evaluated

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The methanolic fraction of Centratherum anthelminticum seed downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and hyperglycemia in STZ-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats.

This study aimed to ascertain the potential of Centratherum anthelminticum seeds methanolic fraction (CAMFs) for the management of type 2 diabetes and its associated complications. CAMFs was initially tested on β-TC6 cells for H2O2-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation effects. The result displayed that CAMFs significantly inhibited NF-κB translocation from cytoplasm into the nucleus, dose-dependently. Furthermore, a 12-week sub-chronic CAMFs study was carried out on streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide�induced type 2 diabetic rat model to evaluate glycemia, essential biochemical parameters, lipid levels, oxidative stress markers, and pro-inflammatory cytokines level. Our study result showed that CAMFs reduced hyperglycemia by increasing serum insulin, C-peptide, total protein, and albumin levels, significantly. Whereas, elevated blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipids and enzyme activities were restored to near normal. CAMFs confirmed antioxidant potential by elevating glutathione (GSH) and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in diabetic rats. Interestingly, CAMFs down-regulated elevated tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in the tissues and serum of the diabetic rats. We conclude that CAMFs exerted apparent antidiabetic effects and demonstrated as a valuable candidate nutraceutical for insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes and its associated complications such as dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation

Anterior Intratumoural Chemotherapy: A Newer Modality of Treatment in Advanced Solid Tumours in Children

OBJECTIVEAdvanced and inoperable solid tumours in children have high mortality despite aggressive multimodal treatment. Intravenous chemotherapy is abandoned at times because of systemic toxicity. This study investigated intratumoural chemotherapy and compared it with intravenous chemotherapy.METHODSForty children with advanced inoperable solid tumours (Wilms' tumour and neuroblastoma) were randomly allocated into two groups of 20. Group A was given intratumoural chemotherapy and group B was given intravenous chemotherapy. Both groups were compared for reduction in tumour size and volume, tumour resectability, histopathological changes and drug side effects.RESULTSIntratumoural chemotherapy was superior to intravenous chemotherapy in terms of reducing tumour size and volume (63% in group A vs. 22% in group B). The resectability was 70% in the intratumoural group compared with 40% in the intravenous group. The overall good histopathological response was 71% in group A as opposed to 0% in group B. Moreover, the incidence and severity of drug side effects and morbidity were less with intratumoural chemotherapy. Mortality was also low in group A (5%) compared to group B (20%).CONCLUSIONIntratumoural chemotherapy can be offered as an effective and safe alternative treatment modality for advanced and inoperable Wilms' tumour and neuroblastoma