Contribution for the phytochemical studies of Ageratum fastigiatum

Organic extracts from leaves plus branches plus inflorescences of Ageratum fastigiatum (Gardner) R. M. King & H. Rob., Asteraceae, were fractionated through classic chromatography. The steroids stigmasterol, chondrillasterol and campesterol were isolated from hexane extract. The triterpenes lupeol, taraxasterol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, pseudotaraxasterol, lupeol acetate and α-amyrin acetate were isolated from ethyl acetate extract. Steroids and triterpenes were identified by GC-MS. The coumarin ayapin was isolated from ethanol extract and identified by NMR. Essential oils of the fresh leaves and fresh inflorescences were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed for GC-MS. The main components in both essential oils were α-pinene, limonene and germacrene D.FAPEMI

Syntheses of non-aromatic medium and large rings synthesized via phenylnitrenium ions

We describe the preparation of m- and p-substituted phenyl azides which, on treatment with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in chloroform (and only in one case, after adding trifluoroacetic acid) at 0 °C, gives rise to the intermediate phenylnitrenium ions that undergo intramolecular cyclization to give six-, eight-membered carbocycles, and ten-membered heterocycles. Intramolecular cyclization of 1-(4-azidophenyl)-4-phenylbutane (3b) gives direct access to the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene lignan scaffold with a good yield. When the same reaction is carried out on 1-(3-azidophenyl)-4-phenylbutane (3a), the meta isomer of 3b, the 3-aminodibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene is obtained with a modest yield. When an ethoxycarbonyl group is introduced at position two of the butene chain [16a, as an E/Z mixture (1/4)], the ethyl 3-aminobenzo[a,c]octatriene carboxylate was the major compound, and the 10-membered heterocycle the minor one, both derived from (E)-16a. Finally, when a methyl group is located at the para position of the azido group [(E)-16b], cyclization involves the carbon atom ortho to the nitrogen atom and the ethyl 4-methyl-1-tosylaminobenzo[a,c]octatriene carboxylate is the only compound obtained, after treatment with tosyl chloride. With all these structural changes, we have switched over from the formation of mixtures of compounds to the regioselective formation of the target molecule, suggesting the corresponding mechanism of reaction and expanding the knowledge of this type of reaction

Unequal burden of Zika-associated microcephaly among populations with public and private healthcare in Salvador, Brazil

This study was supported by Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Secretariat of Health Surveillance; Brazilian Ministry of Health; Wellcome Trust, Grant/Award Number: 102330/Z/13/Z; NSF-NIH, Grant/Award Number: 5 R01 AI052473, 5 U01 AI088752, 1 R25 TW009338, 1 R01 AI121207, F31 AI114245, R01 AI052473, U01 AI088752, R01 TW009504, and R25 TW009338. Fogarty International Center (R25 TW009338). Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) projects 2016/08727-5 and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq. Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB) projeto (PET0021/2016)Yale School of Public Health. New Haven, USAHospital Aliança. Salvador, BA, BrazilYale School of Public Health. New Haven, USAFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Salvador, BA, BrazilSecretária da Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Hospital Geral Roberto Santos. Salvador, BA, BrazilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto da Saúde Coletiva. Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos. Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrazilSecretária da Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Hospital Geral Roberto Santos. Salvador, BA, BrazilSecretária da Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Hospital Geral Roberto Santos. Salvador, BA, BrazilSecretária da Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Hospital Geral Roberto Santos. Salvador, BA, BrazilSecretária da Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Hospital Geral Roberto Santos. Salvador, BA, BrazilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto da Saúde Coletiva. Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos. Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Salvador, BA, BrazilSecretária da Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Hospital Geral Roberto Santos. Salvador, BA, BrazilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saude. Salvador, BA, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Salvador, BA, BrazilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto da Saúde Coletiva. Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos. Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Salvador BA, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Salvador, BA, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Salvador, BA, BrazilSecretária da Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Hospital Geral Roberto Santos. Salvador, BA, Brazil / King’s College Hospital. Harris Birthright Center for Fetal Medicine. London, UK / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto da Saúde Coletiva. Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos. Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrazilSecretária da Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Hospital Geral Roberto Santos. Salvador, BA, Brazil / Escola Paulista de Medicina. São Paulo, SP, BrazilSecretária da Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Hospital Geral Roberto Santos. Salvador, BA, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Salvador, BA, BrazilYale School of Public Health. New Haven, USA / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Salvador, BA, Brazil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto da Saúde Coletiva. Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos. Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrazilYale School of Public Health. New Haven, USAYale School of Public Health. New Haven, USA / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrazilObjectives: To describe the differences in clinical presentation and relative disease burden of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS)-associated microcephaly at 2 large hospitals in Salvador, Brazil that serve patients of different socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: Clinical and serologic data were collected prospectively from pregnant women and their infants, who delivered at 2 study centers during the 2015–2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in Salvador, Brazil. Results: Pregnant women from Salvador, Brazil delivering in a low SES hospital had 3 times higher ZIKV exposure rate than women at a high SES hospital. However, different SES hospitals had similar prevalence of infants with CZS-associated microcephaly (10% vs 6%, p = 0.16) after controlling for ZIKV exposure in their mothers. Conclusions: Our study supports the positive association between low SES, high maternal ZIKV exposure, and high rates of CZS-associated microcephaly