Manifestation of finite temperature size effects in nanogranular magnetic graphite

In addition to the double phase transition (with the Curie temperatures T_C=300K and T_{Ct}=144K), a low-temperature anomaly in the dependence of the magnetization is observed in the bulk magnetic graphite (with an average granular size of L=10nm), which is attributed to manifestation of the size effects below the quantum temperature. The best fits of the high-temperature data (using the mean-field Curie-Weiss and Bloch expressions) produced reasonable estimates for the model parameters, such as defects mediated effective spin exchange energy J=12meV (which defines the intragranular Curie temperature T_C) and proximity mediated interactions between neighboring grains (through potential barriers created by thin layers of non-magnetic graphite) with energy J_t=exp(-d/s)J=5.8meV (which defines the intergranular Curie temperature T_{Ct}) with d=1.5nm and s=2nm being the intergranular distance and characteristic length, respectively

Temperature oscillations of magnetization observed in nanofluid ferromagnetic graphite

We report on unusual magnetic properties observed in the nanofluid room-temperature ferromagnetic graphite (with an average particle size of l=10nm). More precisely, the measured magnetization exhibits a low-temperature anomaly (attributed to manifestation of finite size effects below the quantum temperature) as well as pronounced temperature oscillations above T=50K (attributed to manifestation of the hard-sphere type pair correlations between ferromagnetic particles in the nanofluid)

Development and exploratory cluster-randomised opportunistic trial of a theory-based intervention to enhance physical activity among adolescents

Peer reviewedPostprin

Ensacamento de frutos de abiu visando à proteção contra o ataque da mosca-das-frutas.

O abiu (Pouteria caimito) é fruto bastante conhecido nos trópicos e consumido in natura. Dentre os principais problemas que afetam a qualidade dos frutos, estão os danos causados por ataque da larva de mosca-das-frutas. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o diâmetro do fruto de abiu para efetivar a prática do ensacamento, visando à proteção contra o ataque da mosca. Para isto, foram estabelecidas seis classes de diâmetros: a) frutos com diâmetro menor que 1 cm; b) frutos com diâmetro de 1 a 2 cm; c) frutos com diâmetro de 2 a 3 cm; d) frutos com diâmetro de 3 a 4 cm; e) frutos com diâmetro de 4 a 5 cm; f) frutos com diâmetro maior que 5 cm, e o tratamento-testemunha, que constou de frutos sem proteção. Os sacos para a cobertura dos frutos foram confeccionados em TNT, na cor branca. Após a colheita, os frutos foram medidos e pesados, e depois partidos nos sentidos longitudinal e transversal e avaliados por meio da observação visual, quanto à presença ou ausência de larva da mosca-das-frutas. A eficiência dos tratamentos foi avaliada pela porcentagem de frutos caídos ao chão, e de frutos colhidos com ausência e presença da larva. Foram observados 96,7; 88,3 e 40,0% de queda nos frutos ensacados com diâmetro menor que 1 cm; 1-2 cm, e 2-3 cm, respectivamente. O ensacamento de frutos de abiu com diâmetro entre 1 e 2 cm não é viável devido à alta porcentagem de frutos caídos (96,7%). A maior porcentagem de frutos colhidos sem larva da mosca-dasfrutas (83,3%) é verificada quando os frutos foram ensacados com diâmetro entre três e cinco centímetros

Parasitóides de Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Dip., Tephritidae) em pitangueira no Município de Belém, Pará.

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NOX EMISSION ON RECIPROCAL FILTRATION COMBUSTION OF BIOGAS: A CASE STUDY

Filtration combustion is an effective technique for dealing with low-calorific value fuels, such as derivative fuels from biomass, and simultaneously reducing pollutant emissions. In this study, combustion of biogas (22% of CO2) was investigated theoretically and experimentally by utilizing a reciprocal flow porous burner with heat exchangers inserted in the porous medium. Combustion of lean biogas-air mixtures is stabilized in a naturally transient process, in which a lean equivalence ratio range (0.1 ≤ Φ ≤ 0.9) and gas flow velocities of 0.2 and 0.3 m/s were employed, periodically switching gas flow direction. Reciprocal flow combustion has been compared with unidirectional combustion, using technical methane as reference gas. In this context, predicted temperature profiles inside the burner, as well as experimental results, have shown that the reciprocating system plays an important role in the combustion process, significantly improving flammability limits, efficiency, and emissions. As result, trapezoidal temperature distribution profiles have been obtained with peaks between 1200 and 1600 K, reaching high efficiency up to 90% and ultra-low emission of nitrogen oxides (≤ 2ppm)