Thermosensitivity of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gpp1gpp2 double deletion strain can be reduced by overexpression of genes involved in cell wall maintenance

A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain in which the GPP1 and GPP2 genes, both encoding glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase isoforms, are deleted, displays both osmo- and thermosensitive (ts) phenotypes. We isolated genes involved in cell wall maintenance as multicopy suppressors of the gpp1gpp2 ts phenotype. We found that the gpp1gpp2 strain is hypersensitive to cell wall stress such as treatment with β-1,3-glucanase containing cocktail Zymolyase and chitin-binding dye Calcofluor-white (CFW). Sensitivity to Zymolyase was rescued by overexpression of SSD1, while CFW sensitivity was rescued by SSD1, FLO8 and WSC3-genes isolated as multicopy suppressors of the gpp1gpp2 ts phenotype. Some of the isolated suppressor genes (SSD1, FLO8) also rescued the lytic phenotype of slt2 deletion strain. Additionally, the sensitivity to CFW was reduced when the cells were supplied with glycerol. Both growth on glycerol-based medium and overexpression of SSD1, FLO8 or WSC3 had additive suppressing effect on CFW sensitivity of the gpp1gpp2 mutant strain. We also confirmed that the internal glycerol level changed in cells exposed to cell wall perturbation. © 2007 Springer-Verlag

Religião e espiritualidade no ensino e assistência de enfermagem Religión y espiritualidad en la educación y asistencia de enfermería Religion and spirituality in education and nursing assistance

Estudo da interseção entre o discurso da enfermagem e os preceitos que albergam a religião/religiosidade e espiritualidade, e como se deu a incorporação e o reflexo desse discurso nas práticas assistenciais, no ensino e no delineamento da organização da profissão. Para revisão bibliográfica, utilizaram-se as bases de dados LILACS e BDENF, da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde. Um total de 57 artigos completos, publicados entre 1957 e 2007, foram analisados à luz das idéias sobre " memória coletiva" , de Maurice Halbwachs. Verificou-se que há uma raiz religiosa com ramificações profundas na conformação da enfermagem brasileira. Esta configuração está tão imbricada na memória coletiva que, mesmo com a expansão de instituições que não se declaram religiosas, os pressupostos cristãos se mantêm presentes e com vitalidade.<br>Estudio de la intersección entre el discurso del oficio de enfermera y preceptos que alojan la religión/el religiosidad y el espiritualidad, y como ha dado la incorporación y a la consecuencia de este discurso en los asistencias prácticos, la educación y la delineación de la organización de la profesión. Para la revisión bibliográfica, las bases de datos LILACS y BDENF de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, fueron utilizadas. Un total de 57 artículos completos, publicados entre 1957 y 2007, fueron analizados a la luz de las ideas en " memoria colectiva" , de Maurice Halbwachs. Se verificó que hay una raíz religiosa con ramificaciones profundas en la conformación del oficio de enfermera brasileño. Esta configuración es tan imbricada en la memoria colectiva que, mismo con la expansión de las instituciones que non se declaran religiosas, el presupuestos cristanos se mantiene presentes y con vitalidad.<br>Intersectional study between nursing discourse and precepts which embrace religion/religiousness and spirituality, and how these were incorporated and their reflection upon nursing practice, education and the history of the organization of the profession. For bibliographic review LILACS and BDENF databases of the Electronic Health Library were used. A total of 57 full-text articles, published from 1957 to 2007, were analyzed upon the light of the ideas of Maurice Halbwachs, about " collective memory" . The results show that Brazilian nursing has a religious root with profound ramifications on its development. This configuration is so embedded in the collective memory that, even with the expansion of non-religious institutions, the Christian precepts remain present and strong